Python如何使用生成器代替线程

# Two simple generator functions
def countdown(n):
  while n > 0:
    print('T-minus', n)
    yield
    n -= 1
  print('Blastoff!')

def countup(n):
  x = 0
  while x < n:
    print('Counting up', x)
    yield
    x += 1

from collections import deque

class TaskScheduler:
  def __init__(self):
    self._task_queue = deque()

  def new_task(self, task):
    '''
    Admit a newly started task to the scheduler
    '''
    self._task_queue.append(task)

  def run(self):
    '''
    Run until there are no more tasks
    '''
    while self._task_queue:
      task = self._task_queue.popleft()
      try:
        # Run until the next yield statement
        next(task)
        self._task_queue.append(task)
      except StopIteration:
        # Generator is no longer executing
        pass

# Example use
sched = TaskScheduler()
sched.new_task(countdown(10))
sched.new_task(countdown(5))
sched.new_task(countup(15))
sched.run()

from collections import deque

class ActorScheduler:
  def __init__(self):
    self._actors = {}     # Mapping of names to actors
    self._msg_queue = deque()  # Message queue

  def new_actor(self, name, actor):
    '''
    Admit a newly started actor to the scheduler and give it a name
    '''
    self._msg_queue.append((actor,None))
    self._actors[name] = actor

  def send(self, name, msg):
    '''
    Send a message to a named actor
    '''
    actor = self._actors.get(name)
    if actor:
      self._msg_queue.append((actor,msg))

  def run(self):
    '''
    Run as long as there are pending messages.
    '''
    while self._msg_queue:
      actor, msg = self._msg_queue.popleft()
      try:
         actor.send(msg)
      except StopIteration:
         pass

# Example use
if __name__ == '__main__':
  def printer():
    while True:
      msg = yield
      print('Got:', msg)

  def counter(sched):
    while True:
      # Receive the current count
      n = yield
      if n == 0:
        break
      # Send to the printer task
      sched.send('printer', n)
      # Send the next count to the counter task (recursive)
      sched.send('counter', n-1)

  sched = ActorScheduler()
  # Create the initial actors
  sched.new_actor('printer', printer())
  sched.new_actor('counter', counter(sched))

  # Send an initial message to the counter to initiate
  sched.send('counter', 10000)
  sched.run()

from collections import deque
from select import select

# This class represents a generic yield event in the scheduler
class YieldEvent:
  def handle_yield(self, sched, task):
    pass

  def handle_resume(self, sched, task):
    pass

# Task Scheduler
class Scheduler:
  def __init__(self):
    self._numtasks = 0    # Total num of tasks
    self._ready = deque()  # Tasks ready to run
    self._read_waiting = {} # Tasks waiting to read
    self._write_waiting = {} # Tasks waiting to write

  # Poll for I/O events and restart waiting tasks
  def _iopoll(self):
    rset,wset,eset = select(self._read_waiting,
                self._write_waiting,[])
    for r in rset:
      evt, task = self._read_waiting.pop(r)
      evt.handle_resume(self, task)
    for w in wset:
      evt, task = self._write_waiting.pop(w)
      evt.handle_resume(self, task)

  def new(self,task):
    '''
    Add a newly started task to the scheduler
    '''
    self._ready.append((task, None))
    self._numtasks += 1

  def add_ready(self, task, msg=None):
    '''
    Append an already started task to the ready queue.
    msg is what to send into the task when it resumes.
    '''
    self._ready.append((task, msg))

  # Add a task to the reading set
  def _read_wait(self, fileno, evt, task):
    self._read_waiting[fileno] = (evt, task)

  # Add a task to the write set
  def _write_wait(self, fileno, evt, task):
    self._write_waiting[fileno] = (evt, task)

  def run(self):
    '''
    Run the task scheduler until there are no tasks
    '''
    while self._numtasks:
       if not self._ready:
         self._iopoll()
       task, msg = self._ready.popleft()
       try:
         # Run the coroutine to the next yield
         r = task.send(msg)
         if isinstance(r, YieldEvent):
           r.handle_yield(self, task)
         else:
           raise RuntimeError('unrecognized yield event')
       except StopIteration:
         self._numtasks -= 1

# Example implementation of coroutine-based socket I/O
class ReadSocket(YieldEvent):
  def __init__(self, sock, nbytes):
    self.sock = sock
    self.nbytes = nbytes
  def handle_yield(self, sched, task):
    sched._read_wait(self.sock.fileno(), self, task)
  def handle_resume(self, sched, task):
    data = self.sock.recv(self.nbytes)
    sched.add_ready(task, data)

class WriteSocket(YieldEvent):
  def __init__(self, sock, data):
    self.sock = sock
    self.data = data

  def handle_yield(self, sched, task):
    sched._write_wait(self.sock.fileno(), self, task)

  def handle_resume(self, sched, task):
    nsent = self.sock.send(self.data)
    sched.add_ready(task, nsent)

class AcceptSocket(YieldEvent):
  def __init__(self, sock):
    self.sock = sock

  def handle_yield(self, sched, task):
    sched._read_wait(self.sock.fileno(), self, task)

  def handle_resume(self, sched, task):
    r = self.sock.accept()
    sched.add_ready(task, r)

# Wrapper around a socket object for use with yield
class Socket(object):
  def __init__(self, sock):
    self._sock = sock

  def recv(self, maxbytes):
    return ReadSocket(self._sock, maxbytes)

  def send(self, data):
    return WriteSocket(self._sock, data)

  def accept(self):
    return AcceptSocket(self._sock)

  def __getattr__(self, name):
    return getattr(self._sock, name)

if __name__ == '__main__':
  from socket import socket, AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM
  import time

  # Example of a function involving generators. This should
  # be called using line = yield from readline(sock)
  def readline(sock):
    chars = []
    while True:
      c = yield sock.recv(1)
      if not c:
        break
      chars.append(c)
      if c == b'\n':
        break
    return b''.join(chars)

  # Echo server using generators
  class EchoServer:
    def __init__(self,addr,sched):
      self.sched = sched
      sched.new(self.server_loop(addr))

    def server_loop(self,addr):
      s = Socket(socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM))

      s.bind(addr)
      s.listen(5)
      while True:
        c,a = yield s.accept()
        print('Got connection from ', a)
        self.sched.new(self.client_handler(Socket(c)))

    def client_handler(self,client):
      while True:
        line = yield from readline(client)
        if not line:
          break
        line = b'GOT:' + line
        while line:
          nsent = yield client.send(line)
          line = line[nsent:]
      client.close()
      print('Client closed')

  sched = Scheduler()
  EchoServer(('',16000),sched)
  sched.run()

def some_generator():
  ...
  result = yield data
  ...

f = some_generator()

# Initial result. Is None to start since nothing has been computed
result = None
while True:
  try:
    data = f.send(result)
    result = ... do some calculation ...
  except StopIteration:
    break