最理想的情况是开启redo日志实时传输，可利用备库来修复主库的坏块：
查看DG模式：
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; SQL> select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level from v$database; DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL ---------------- -------------------- -------------------- PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
主库
SQL> select file_id, block_id, blocks from dba_extents where owner = 'LILC' and segment_name = 'EMP'; FILE_ID BLOCK_ID BLOCKS ---------- ---------- ---------- 6 6528 8 SQL> select min(rowid), max(rowid) from EMP; MIN(ROWID) MAX(ROWID) ------------------ ------------------ AAAVrKAAGAAABmDAAA AAAVrKAAGAAABmDAAN
自动段空间管理的数据是从第四个块开始。
可以通过dbms_rowid验证一下。
SQL> select DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER('AAAVrKAAGAAABmDAAA') min_block, DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER('AAAVrKAAGAAABmDAAN') max_block from dual;
MIN_BLOCK MAX_BLOCK
---------- ----------
6531 6531在构造坏块前，用dbv检查file# 6
主库：
[oracle@cwogg ~]$ dbv userid=grid/grid file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Sep 22 21:09:04 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = +DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf DBVERIFY - Verification complete Total Pages Examined : 655360 Total Pages Processed (Data) : 7494 Total Pages Failing (Data) : 0 Total Pages Processed (Index): 1200 Total Pages Failing (Index): 0 Total Pages Processed (Other): 646162 Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0 Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0 Total Pages Empty : 504 Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 0 Total Pages Influx : 0 Total Pages Encrypted : 0 Highest block SCN : 0 (0.0)
备库：
[oracle@dg ~]$ dbv userid=grid/grid file=+DATA/mecbs/datafile/llc.258.891103925 DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Sep 22 21:11:16 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = +DATA/mecbs/datafile/llc.258.891103925 DBVERIFY - Verification complete Total Pages Examined : 655360 Total Pages Processed (Data) : 7494 Total Pages Failing (Data) : 0 Total Pages Processed (Index): 1200 Total Pages Failing (Index): 0 Total Pages Processed (Other): 646162 Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0 Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0 Total Pages Empty : 504 Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 0 Total Pages Influx : 0 Total Pages Encrypted : 0 Highest block SCN : 0 (0.0)
把主库的备份删掉：
RMAN> list backup of database; specification does not match any backup in the repository
主库构造坏块：
RMAN> recover datafile 6 block 6531 clear; Starting recover at 22-SEP-15 using channel ORA_DISK_1 using channel ORA_DISK_2 Finished recover at 22-SEP-15 RMAN> backup check logical validate datafile 6; Starting backup at 22-SEP-15 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=198 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2 channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=11 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35 List of Datafiles ================= File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN ---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ---------- 6 FAILED 0 504 655364 1906190 File Name: +DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed ---------- -------------- ---------------- Data 1 7494 Index 0 1200 Other 0 646162 validate found one or more corrupt blocks See trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/phub/PHUB/trace/PHUB_ora_13272.trc for details Finished backup at 22-SEP-15
alert日志
Hex dump of (file 6, block 6531) in trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/phub/PHUB/trace/PHUB_ora_13272.trc Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01801983 (file 6, block 6531) Bad check value found during validation Data in bad block: type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01801983 last change scn: 0x0000.0010a27d seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0 consistency value in tail: 0xa27d0601 check value in block header: 0x6bc3 computed block checksum: 0x2230 Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data Tue Sep 22 21:22:25 2015 Checker run found 1 new persistent data failures
因为没有备份，所以尝试从备库自动修复：
RMAN> recover datafile 6 block 6531; Starting recover at 22-SEP-15 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=198 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2 channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=13 device type=DISK finished standby search, restored 1 blocks starting media recovery media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished recover at 22-SEP-15 RMAN> backup check logical validate datafile 6; Starting backup at 22-SEP-15 using channel ORA_DISK_1 using channel ORA_DISK_2 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45 List of Datafiles ================= File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN ---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ---------- 6 OK 0 504 655364 1906190 File Name: +DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed ---------- -------------- ---------------- Data 0 7494 Index 0 1200 Other 0 646162 Finished backup at 22-SEP-15
==修复成功===
再次构造坏块,重启主库：
RMAN> recover datafile 6 block 6531 clear; Starting recover at 22-SEP-15 using channel ORA_DISK_1 using channel ORA_DISK_2 Finished recover at 22-SEP-15 [oracle@cwogg ~]$ dbv userid=grid/grid file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Sep 22 21:34:43 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = +DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf Page 6531 is marked corrupt Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01801983 (file 6, block 6531) Bad check value found during dbv: Data in bad block: type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01801983 last change scn: 0x0000.0010a27d seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0 consistency value in tail: 0xa27d0601 check value in block header: 0x6bc3 computed block checksum: 0x47c2 DBVERIFY - Verification complete Total Pages Examined : 655360 Total Pages Processed (Data) : 7493 Total Pages Failing (Data) : 0 Total Pages Processed (Index): 1200 Total Pages Failing (Index): 0 Total Pages Processed (Other): 646162 Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0 Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0 Total Pages Empty : 504 Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 1 Total Pages Influx : 0 Total Pages Encrypted : 0 Highest block SCN : 0 (0.0)
备库数据文件完好：
[oracle@dg ~]$ dbv userid=grid/grid file=+DATA/mecbs/datafile/llc.258.891103925 DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Sep 22 21:34:43 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = +DATA/mecbs/datafile/llc.258.891103925 DBVERIFY - Verification complete Total Pages Examined : 655360 Total Pages Processed (Data) : 7494 Total Pages Failing (Data) : 0 Total Pages Processed (Index): 1200 Total Pages Failing (Index): 0 Total Pages Processed (Other): 646162 Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0 Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0 Total Pages Empty : 504 Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 0 Total Pages Influx : 0 Total Pages Encrypted : 0 Highest block SCN : 0 (0.0)
重启主库：
SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes Fixed Size 2257840 bytes Variable Size 511708240 bytes Database Buffers 314572800 bytes Redo Buffers 6565888 bytes Database mounted. Database opened.
alert日志：
db_recovery_file_dest_size of 4182 MB is 29.65% used. This is a user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup. Tue Sep 22 21:39:57 2015 Hex dump of (file 6, block 6531) in trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/phub/PHUB/trace/PHUB_ora_13853.trc Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01801983 (file 6, block 6531) Bad check value found during buffer read Data in bad block: type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01801983 last change scn: 0x0000.0010a27d seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0 consistency value in tail: 0xa27d0601 check value in block header: 0x6bc3 computed block checksum: 0x47c2 Reading datafile '+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf' for corruption at rdba: 0x01801983 (file 6, block 6531) Reread (file 6, block 6531) found same corrupt data (no logical check) Starting background process ABMR Tue Sep 22 21:39:57 2015 ABMR started with pid=40, OS id=13868 Automatic block media recovery service is active. Automatic block media recovery requested for (file# 6, block# 6531) Tue Sep 22 21:39:58 2015 Automatic block media recovery successful for (file# 6, block# 6531) Automatic block media recovery successful for (file# 6, block# 6531)
=======在日志实时应用的情况下可以自动修复主库的坏块====
2.改变备库日志应用方式：
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL; Database altered. SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session; Database altered. RMAN> recover datafile 6 block 6531 clear; Starting recover at 22-SEP-15 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=202 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2 channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=11 device type=DISK Finished recover at 22-SEP-15 alert日志： Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data RMAN> backup check logical validate datafile 6; SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes Fixed Size 2257840 bytes Variable Size 511708240 bytes Database Buffers 314572800 bytes Redo Buffers 6565888 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> conn lilc/lilc Connected. SQL> select * from emp; select * from emp * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 6, block # 6531) ORA-01110: data file 6: '+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf'--查询报错
alter日志：
Reading datafile '+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf' for corruption at rdba: 0x01801983 (file 6, block 6531) Reread (file 6, block 6531) found same corrupt data (no logical check) Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/phub/PHUB/trace/PHUB_ora_14390.trc (incident=28985): ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 6, block # 6531) ORA-01110: data file 6: '+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf' Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/phub/PHUB/incident/incdir_28985/PHUB_ora_14390_i28985.trc Tue Sep 22 21:54:02 2015 Corrupt Block Found TSN = 7, TSNAME = LLC RFN = 6, BLK = 6531, RDBA = 25172355 OBJN = 88778, OBJD = 88778, OBJECT = EMP, SUBOBJECT = SEGMENT OWNER = LILC, SEGMENT TYPE = Table Segment Tue Sep 22 21:54:06 2015 Dumping diagnostic data in directory=[cdmp_20150922215406], requested by (instance=1, osid=14390), summary=[incident=28985]. Tue Sep 22 21:54:08 2015 Sweep [inc][28985]: completed Hex dump of (file 6, block 6531) in trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/phub/PHUB/incident/incdir_28985/PHUB_m000_14420_i28985_a.trc Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01801983 (file 6, block 6531) Bad check value found during validation Data in bad block: type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01801983 last change scn: 0x0000.0010a27d seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0 consistency value in tail: 0xa27d0601 check value in block header: 0x6bc3 computed block checksum: 0xbacb Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data Reread of blocknum=6531, file=+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf. found same corrupt data Tue Sep 22 21:56:03 2015 alter database recover datafile list clear Completed: alter database recover datafile list clear
修复办法一（通过RMAN和或者从备库修复）：
[oracle@cwogg ~]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Sep 22 21:55:49 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database: PHUB (DBID=536511065) RMAN> recover datafile 6 block 6531; Starting recover at 22-SEP-15 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=72 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2 channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=12 device type=DISK finished standby search, restored 1 blocks starting media recovery media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished recover at 22-SEP-15
修复办法二：
停备库，从备库得到最新的llc.258.891103925.dbf，改名为llc.258.891103925.dbf.bak传到主库
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL; Database altered. [oracle@dg ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Sep 22 22:27:43 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down.
这次尝试把开启日志实时传输，看能否修复：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; Database altered.
查询仍然报错：
SQL> select * from emp; select * from emp * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 6, block # 6531) ORA-01110: data file 6: '+DATA/phub/datafile/llc01.dbf'
那用RMAN修复：
[grid@dg tmp]$ scp LLC.258.891103925 172.16.30.227:/tmp/ The authenticity of host '172.16.30.227 (172.16.30.227)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is ad:9e:4c:ce:16:45:ff:a2:19:52:e7:dd:d9:39:7b:a8. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '172.16.30.227' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. grid@172.16.30.227's password: LLC.258.891103925 100% 5120MB 28.6MB/s 02:59 [root@cwogg ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /tmp/LLC.258.891103925 [root@cwogg ~]# mv /tmp/LLC.258.891103925 /tmp/LLC01.dbf.bak [root@cwogg ~]# ls -l /tmp/LLC01.dbf.bak -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5368717312 Sep 22 22:15 /tmp/LLC01.dbf.bak RMAN> catalog datafilecopy '/tmp/LLC01.dbf.bak'; using target database control file instead of recovery catalog cataloged datafile copy datafile copy file name=/tmp/LLC01.dbf.bak RECID=3 STAMP=891123793 RMAN> list copy of database; List of Datafile Copies ======================= Key File S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time ------- ---- - --------------- ---------- --------------- 3 6 A 22-SEP-15 1911293 22-SEP-15 Name: /tmp/LLC01.dbf.bak Tag: TAG20150922T165212 RMAN> blockrecover datafile 6 block 6531; Starting recover at 22-SEP-15 using channel ORA_DISK_1 using channel ORA_DISK_2 searching flashback logs for block p_w_picpaths until SCN 1911293 finished flashback log search, restored 0 blocks channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring block(s) from datafile copy /tmp/LLC01.dbf.bak starting media recovery media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished recover at 22-SEP-15
查询数据（正常）
SQL> select count(*) from emp; COUNT(*) ---------- 14
启动备库
总结：如果没有备库的情况下，一定要定期备份，保证数据库的恢复性，不要裸奔！
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