Ubuntu上Oracle数据库升级步骤是什么

Pre-Upgrade Preparation
Before starting the upgrade, ensure the following tasks are completed to avoid issues:

• Backup the Database: Use RMAN to create a full backup (data files, control files, archive logs, and parameter files). For example:

  rman target /
  RUN {
      ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 TYPE DISK;
      BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
      RELEASE CHANNEL c1;
  }
  

  Also back up the entire ORACLE_HOME directory as a fallback.
• Check System Requirements: Verify Ubuntu meets the new Oracle version’s requirements (e.g., kernel parameters like fs.file-max, kernel.sem; user limits in /etc/security/limits.conf; installed dependencies such as libaio1, unixodbc).
• Download New Oracle Software: Get the Oracle Database package from the official website. If converting from RPM (common for Oracle), use alien to convert to DEB format for Ubuntu:

  sudo alien -dv oracle-package.rpm
  

• Prepare Environment Variables: Edit ~/.bash_profile to include Oracle-specific variables (adjust paths as needed):

  export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
  export ORACLE_SID=hellodb
  export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
  export NLS_LANG='AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8'
  

  Run source ~/.bash_profile to apply changes.

Install New Oracle Software

• Extract and Install: Unzip the downloaded package and run the silent installer (if using GUI, execute ./runInstaller from the unzipped directory). For silent install, use a response file (e.g., response_file.rsp) with parameters like ORACLE_HOME, ORACLE_SID, and UNIX_GROUP_NAME. Example silent command:

  ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /path/to/response_file.rsp
  

• Complete Post-Installation Tasks: After installation, run the root scripts generated by the installer (e.g., /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh, /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh) to set permissions and configure system files.

Run the Upgrade

• Option 1: Use DBUA (Graphical Tool): Start DBUA from the terminal:

  dbua
  

  Follow the interactive wizard to select the database to upgrade, review pre-upgrade checks, and initiate the process. DBUA automates tasks like fixing configuration issues and updating data dictionary tables.
• Option 2: Manual Upgrade (Command Line): Connect to the database as SYSDBA and run the upgrade script. For example, to upgrade from 11g to 12c:

  sqlplus / as sysdba
  SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
  STARTUP UPGRADE;
  @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql;
  @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql;
  @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql; -- Recompile invalid objects
  SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
  STARTUP;
  

  The STARTUP UPGRADE command starts the database in upgrade mode, and the scripts update the data dictionary and PL/SQL components.

Post-Upgrade Verification

• Check Version: Confirm the upgrade succeeded by querying v$version:

  sqlplus / as sysdba
  SELECT * FROM v$version;
  

• Validate Functionality: Run basic queries (e.g., SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees;) and test critical applications to ensure compatibility.
• Recompile Invalid Objects: Recompile any remaining invalid PL/SQL objects using utlrp.sql (run as SYSDBA) to avoid runtime errors.

Post-Upgrade Cleanup

• Update Applications: Modify application connection strings to point to the new Oracle instance (e.g., update JDBC URLs, tnsnames.ora entries).
• Archive Old Files: Backup and remove old Oracle Home directories (e.g., /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1) to free up space.
• Monitor Performance: Use tools like AWR or Enterprise Manager to track performance and address any regressions (e.g., SQL plan changes).