Debian GIMP文件格式转换

Installing GIMP on Debian
Before converting file formats, ensure GIMP is installed. Open a terminal and run:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install gimp

This command updates the package list and installs GIMP using Debian’s default package manager.

Basic File Format Conversion Steps

1. Launch GIMP: Open the application from your application menu or by typing gimp in the terminal.
2. Load the Image: Go to File > Open, navigate to the target file, and click Open.
3. Export to the Desired Format: Navigate to File > Export As…, select the target format (e.g., PNG, JPEG, GIF) from the dropdown menu, choose a save location, and adjust settings (e.g., compression level for PNG, quality for JPEG). Click Export to complete the conversion.
   • Note: Use File > Save As instead of Export As if you want to retain all editable layers (e.g., for XCF, GIMP’s native format).

Key Considerations for Common Formats

• PNG: Supports transparency and lossless compression. Adjust the compression level (1–9) in the export dialog—higher levels reduce file size but increase processing time.
• JPEG: Uses lossy compression. Set the quality parameter (0–100) to balance file size and image quality; 85 is a good default for most use cases.
• GIF: Limited to 256 colors. Enable the As animation option if converting an animated image, and adjust the delay between frames if needed.
• HEIF/HEIC: Modern format with efficient compression. Ensure your GIMP version supports it (GIMP 2.10+), and adjust compression settings to optimize file size.
• XCF: GIMP’s native format. Saves all layers, masks, and edit history. Use this format to preserve the ability to edit the image later.

Batch Processing with Scripts
For converting multiple files at once, use GIMP’s Python scripting capabilities. Here’s a basic example to resize images to 800x800 pixels and convert them to JPEG:

1. Save the script below as batch_convert.py in your GIMP scripts folder (usually ~/.config/GIMP/2.10/scripts/):

import os
import gimpfu

def batch_convert(input_folder, output_folder, size):
    for filename in os.listdir(input_folder):
        if filename.lower().endswith(('.png', '.jpg', '.jpeg')):
            image_path = os.path.join(input_folder, filename)
            output_path = os.path.join(output_folder, f"{os.path.splitext(filename)[0]}.jpg")
            
            # Load the image
            image = gimpfu.pdb.gimp_file_load(image_path, image_path)
            drawable = gimpfu.pdb.gimp_image_get_active_layer(image)
            
            # Resize the image
            gimpfu.pdb.gimp_image_scale(image, size, size)
            
            # Save as JPEG
            gimpfu.pdb.gimp_file_save(image, drawable, output_path, output_path)
            gimpfu.pdb.gimp_image_delete(image)

# Register the script in GIMP
gimpfu.register(
    "batch_convert",
    "Batch convert images to JPEG",
    "Resize images to a fixed size and convert them to JPEG",
    "Your Name", "Your Name", "2025",
    "<Image>/File/Batch Convert...",
    "",
    [],
    batch_convert)

gimpfu.main()

2. Run the script in GIMP: Go to Filters > Python-Fu > Console, click Browse, select the script, and click Run. Provide the input folder (containing images to convert), output folder (to save converted files), and desired size (e.g., 800).

Command-Line Alternative
For users comfortable with the terminal, use gimp with batch commands. For example, to convert input.jpg to output.png:

gimp -i -b "(let* ((image (car (gimp-file-load RUN-NONINTERACTIVE \"input.jpg\" \"input.jpg\"))) (drawable (car (gimp-image-get-active-layer image)))) (gimp-file-save RUN-NONINTERACTIVE image drawable \"output.png\" \"output.png\") (gimp-quit 0))"

To batch process all JPG files in a folder, combine with a loop (e.g., using Bash):

for file in /path/to/input/*.jpg; do
    filename=$(basename "$file" .jpg)
    gimp -i -b "(let* ((image (car (gimp-file-load RUN-NONINTERACTIVE \"$file\" \"$file\"))) (drawable (car (gimp-image-get-active-layer image)))) (gimp-file-save RUN-NONINTERACTIVE image drawable \"/path/to/output/$filename.png\" \"/path/to/output/$filename.png\") (gimp-quit 0))"
done

This approach is efficient for large numbers of files but requires familiarity with command-line syntax.