Linux Golang如何实现网络通信

在Linux环境下使用Go语言（Golang）实现网络通信，通常会涉及到几个核心的包，如net、http等。以下是一些基本的网络通信实现方式：

1. TCP网络通信

使用net包可以实现TCP客户端和服务器。

TCP服务器示例：

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"net"
)

func main() {
	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":8080")
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	defer listener.Close()

	fmt.Println("Server is listening on port 8080...")

	for {
		conn, err := listener.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error accepting connection:", err)
			continue
		}

		go handleRequest(conn)
	}
}

func handleRequest(conn net.Conn) {
	defer conn.Close()

	reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
	message, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error reading:", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Print("Received message:", message)

	_, err = conn.Write([]byte("Message received\n"))
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error writing:", err)
	}
}

TCP客户端示例：

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"net"
)

func main() {
	conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "localhost:8080")
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	fmt.Println("Connected to server.")

	reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
	fmt.Print("Enter message: ")
	message, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')

	_, err = conn.Write([]byte(message))
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error sending message:", err)
		return
	}

	response, err := bufio.NewReader(conn).ReadString('\n')
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error reading response:", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Print("Server response:", response)
}

2. UDP网络通信

使用net包也可以实现UDP客户端和服务器。

UDP服务器示例：

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
)

func main() {
	address, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", ":8080")
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", address)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	fmt.Println("Server is listening on port 8080...")

	buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
	for {
		n, addr, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error reading:", err)
			continue
		}

		fmt.Printf("Received message from %s: %s\n", addr.String(), string(buffer[:n]))

		_, err = conn.WriteToUDP([]byte("Message received"), addr)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error sending response:", err)
		}
	}
}

UDP客户端示例：

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
)

func main() {
	address, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", "localhost:8080")
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	conn, err := net.DialUDP("udp", nil, address)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	message := "Hello, UDP Server!"
	_, err = conn.Write([]byte(message))
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error sending message:", err)
		return
	}

	buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
	n, _, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error reading response:", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("Server response: %s\n", string(buffer[:n]))
}

3. HTTP网络通信

使用net/http包可以实现HTTP客户端和服务器。

HTTP服务器示例：

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
)

func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, World!")
}

func main() {
	http.HandleFunc("/", handler)

	fmt.Println("Server is listening on port 8080...")
	err := http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
}

HTTP客户端示例：

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	resp, err := http.Get("http://localhost:8080/")
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	fmt.Println(string(body))
}

以上代码示例展示了如何在Linux环境下使用Go语言实现基本的网络通信。根据实际需求，你可以选择合适的网络协议和模式来实现更复杂的功能。