在Debian上部署LNMP(Linux, Nginx, MySQL, PHP)并配置SSL证书,可以按照以下步骤进行:
首先,确保你的系统是最新的:
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
然后安装Nginx:
sudo apt install nginx
安装MySQL服务器:
sudo apt install mysql-server
启动并启用MySQL服务:
sudo systemctl start mysql
sudo systemctl enable mysql
安装PHP及其常用扩展:
sudo apt install php-fpm php-mysql php-curl php-gd php-mbstring php-xml php-zip
启动并启用PHP-FPM服务:
sudo systemctl start php7.4-fpm
sudo systemctl enable php7.4-fpm
首先,获取SSL证书。你可以使用Let’s Encrypt免费获取证书:
sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
运行Certbot来获取并配置SSL证书:
sudo certbot --nginx -d yourdomain.com -d www.yourdomain.com
按照提示完成证书的获取和配置。Certbot会自动修改Nginx配置文件以支持HTTPS。
确保Nginx配置文件正确无误。编辑Nginx配置文件(通常位于/etc/nginx/sites-available/yourdomain.com):
sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/yourdomain.com
确保配置文件中有以下内容:
server {
listen 80;
server_name yourdomain.com www.yourdomain.com;
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name yourdomain.com www.yourdomain.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/privkey.pem;
include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf;
ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem;
root /var/www/yourdomain.com;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
location ~ /\.ht {
deny all;
}
}
保存并退出编辑器,然后测试Nginx配置:
sudo nginx -t
如果没有错误,重新加载Nginx:
sudo systemctl reload nginx
确保防火墙允许HTTP和HTTPS流量:
sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'
打开浏览器,访问https://yourdomain.com,确保SSL证书正确安装并且网站可以正常访问。
通过以上步骤,你就可以在Debian上成功部署LNMP并配置SSL证书了。