Debian 上 Compton 冲突的定位与解决
一、先判定冲突来源
ps -e | grep -E "compton|mutter|kwin|xfwm"。compton --config ~/.config/compton.conf;前台日志能直接暴露参数或渲染后端错误。compton --config <你的配置> --check 校验配置合法性。sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade,并更新显卡驱动(如 NVIDIA/AMD/Intel 官方驱动),可降低因驱动或库版本导致的渲染冲突。二、常见冲突场景与对应处理
sudo apt install compton 会自动拉取所需库),必要时重装相关图形库;若提示库冲突,执行 ldconfig -p | grep <库名> 检查缓存并修复链接。backend = "xrender" 测试;若需 glx,可同时设置 vsync = true/false 观察是否改善。三、可直接套用的配置示例
backend = "xrender"
vsync = "true"
shadow = false
blur = false
fade-in = false
fade-out = false
focus-exclude = [ "class_g = 'gnome-shell'" ]
mark-wmwin-focused = true
mark-ovredir-focused = true
detect-rounded-corners = true
detect-client-leader = true
backend = "glx"
vsync = "true" # 若出现撕裂再尝试 "drm" 或 "opengl-swc"
glx-no-stencil = true
glx-copy-from-front = false
glx-use-gpushader4 = true
shadow = true
shadow-radius = 12
shadow-offset-x = -15
shadow-offset-y = -15
fade-in = 200
fade-out = 200
# 排除 GNOME Shell 避免与自带合成叠加
focus-exclude = [ "class_g = 'gnome-shell'" ]
# 为全屏游戏禁用阴影与模糊,减少开销
opacity-rule = [ "90:class_g = 'game.exe'", "100:class_g = 'Steam'" ]
shadow-exclude = [ "class_g = 'game.exe'" ]
blur-exclude = [ "class_g = 'game.exe'" ]
将以上片段写入 ~/.config/compton.conf,保存后用 compton --config ~/.config/compton.conf --check 校验,再重启会话或重新登录以生效。
四、启动与自启动的正确做法
compton --config ~/.config/compton.conf;或在登录后于终端执行以观察输出。[Unit]
Description=Compton Window Composer
After=graphical-session.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/compton --config %h/.config/compton.conf
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
启用命令:systemctl --user daemon-reload && systemctl --user enable --now compton.service。注意大多数桌面会话并不使用系统级 systemd 管理 Compton,优先采用会话级或用户级方式。
五、快速排查清单
vsync 与 glx-* 参数逐项验证。shadow-exclude、blur-exclude、focus-exclude、opacity-rule 精确排除或定制。sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade,补齐 libxrender、libglx 等依赖,必要时重装相关库。compton --config <配置> --check 校验,或前台启动直接观察输出,定位报错关键字。