Debian Compton的自定义设置

Installing Compton on Debian
Before customizing Compton, ensure it’s installed on your Debian system. Run the following commands to update your package list and install Compton:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install compton

This installs the latest stable version of Compton from Debian’s official repositories.

Creating/Editing the Configuration File
Compton’s default configuration file is located at ~/.config/compton.conf. If this file doesn’t exist, create it using a text editor (e.g., nano):

mkdir -p ~/.config
touch ~/.config/compton.conf
nano ~/.config/compton.conf

This file stores all customizable settings for Compton, from visual effects to performance optimizations.

Common Customization Options
Below are key configuration options to tailor Compton to your needs:

• Backend Selection: The backend option determines how Compton renders windows. For better performance, use glx (OpenGL) instead of the default xrender:

  backend = "glx"
  

  Note: On Wayland, use wayland instead of glx.

• Shadows: Enable or disable window shadows with the shadow option. To exclude specific windows (e.g., panels, dialogs) from shadows, use shadow-exclude:

  shadow = true
  shadow-exclude = ["class_g = 'GtkWindow'", "class_g = 'GtkDialog'"]
  

  Adjust the shadow-radius (blur intensity), shadow-dx/shadow-dy (offset) to fine-tune shadow appearance.

• Transparency: Control window transparency with opacity. Set it to a value between 0.0 (fully transparent) and 1.0 (fully opaque). For per-window rules, use opacity-rule:

  opacity = 0.8
  opacity-rule = ["90:class_g = 'Firefox'", "100:class_g = 'Xephyr'"]
  

  This sets Firefox to 90% opacity and Xephyr to 100% opacity.

• Vertical Sync (VSync): Enable VSync to reduce screen tearing with the vsync option:

  vsync = true
  

  Disable it if you experience lag or input delay.

• Background Blur: Add a blur effect to inactive windows or the desktop background using blur-background and blur-kern:

  blur-background = true
  blur-kern = "3x3box"
  

  Experiment with kernel sizes (e.g., 5x5gaussian) for different blur intensities.

Applying Custom Configurations
After editing ~/.config/compton.conf, save the file and restart Compton to apply changes. You can do this by killing the current process and restarting it:

pkill compton
compton -c ~/.config/compton.conf &

The -c flag tells Compton to use your custom configuration file.

Setting Up Systemd for Autostart
To ensure Compton launches automatically after login, create a systemd service file:

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/compton.service

Add the following content (replace your_username with your actual username):

[Unit]
Description=Compton Compositor
After=display-manager.service

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/compton -c /home/your_username/.config/compton.conf
Restart=always
User=your_username

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Save the file, then enable and start the service:

sudo systemctl enable compton.service
sudo systemctl start compton.service

This ensures Compton runs on every boot.

Performance Optimization Tips
To keep Compton running smoothly, especially on older hardware, follow these tips:

• Use GPU Acceleration: Ensure backend = glx is set (as mentioned earlier) and your graphics drivers are up to date.
• Disable Unnecessary Effects: Turn off shadows (shadow = false) or transparency (opacity = 1.0) if you don’t need them.
• Limit Resources: Use cpulimit to restrict Compton’s CPU usage (e.g., limit to 50%):

  cpulimit -l 50 -p $(pgrep compton)
  

• Update Dependencies: Keep Compton and its dependencies (e.g., libgl1-mesa-dev) updated to benefit from performance improvements.