在LNMP(Linux, Nginx, MySQL, PHP)架构中,Nginx作为反向代理服务器和静态资源服务器,可以通过以下几种方式实现缓存优化:
静态资源缓存:
location指令配置静态资源的缓存策略。expires或cache-control头来控制浏览器缓存时间。add_header指令添加缓存相关的HTTP头信息。location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
expires 30d;
add_header Cache-Control "public";
}
Gzip压缩:
gzip模块,并设置相关参数。gzip on;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
使用FastCGI缓存:
proxy_cache指令配置FastCGI缓存。proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m max_size=1g inactive=60m use_temp_path=off;
server {
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_cache my_cache;
fastcgi_cache_valid 200 301 302 10m;
fastcgi_cache_valid 404 1m;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
}
}
HTTP/2:
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
ssl_certificate /path/to/certificate.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /path/to/privatekey.pem;
# 其他配置...
}
负载均衡:
upstream backend {
server backend1.example.com;
server backend2.example.com;
server backend3.example.com;
}
server {
location / {
proxy_pass http://backend;
}
}
优化TCP参数:
tcp_nopush、tcp_nodelay等,以优化网络传输。tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
通过以上配置,可以显著提高Nginx的性能和响应速度,从而优化整个LNMP架构的缓存效果。