Compton在Debian中怎么设置

Installing Compton on Debian
To begin using Compton on Debian, you need to install it via the package manager. Open a terminal and run the following commands to update your package list and install Compton:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install compton

This installs the latest version of Compton available in Debian’s repositories.

Configuring Compton
Compton’s primary configuration file is typically located at ~/.config/compton.conf (user-specific) or /etc/xdg/compton.conf (system-wide). If the file doesn’t exist, create it using a text editor like nano:

nano ~/.config/compton.conf

Below are common configuration options to customize Compton’s behavior:

• Backend: Choose between xrender (CPU rendering, more compatible with older hardware) or glx (GPU rendering, better performance but requires OpenGL support). Example:

  backend = "glx"
  

• Shadows: Enable or disable window shadows. Shadows add depth but may impact performance on low-end systems. Example:

  shadow = true
  shadow-radius = 5
  shadow-opacity = 0.5
  shadow-color = "#000000"
  

• Opacity: Adjust window transparency. Set inactive-opacity to dim inactive windows (e.g., 0.8 for 80% opacity) or frame-opacity to make window borders semi-transparent. Example:

  inactive-opacity = 0.8
  frame-opacity = 0.9
  

• Vertical Sync (VSync): Enable VSync to prevent screen tearing during animations. Set vsync = true to synchronize with your monitor’s refresh rate. Example:

  vsync = true
  

• Ignore Root Window: Prevents the desktop background from being affected by Compton’s effects (useful if you experience visual glitches). Example:

  ignore-root = true
  

Save the changes and exit the text editor (in nano, press CTRL+O to save, then CTRL+X to exit).

Starting and Restarting Compton
After configuring Compton, restart the service to apply your changes. You can do this manually by killing any existing Compton processes and restarting it:

killall compton
compton --config ~/.config/compton.conf &

The & at the end runs Compton in the background.

Setting Up Automatic Startup
To ensure Compton launches automatically when you log in, create a Systemd service file:

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/compton.service

Add the following content, replacing ~/.config/compton.conf with your actual config file path if needed:

[Unit]
Description=Compton Window Composer
After=graphical.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/bin/compton --config ~/.config/compton.conf
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Save the file, then reload Systemd to apply the new configuration:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

Enable Compton to start at boot and start it immediately:

sudo systemctl enable compton
sudo systemctl start compton

You can verify that Compton is running with:

systemctl status compton

Look for “active (running)” in the output.

Troubleshooting Tips

• Performance Issues: If Compton slows down your system, try disabling shadows (shadow = false) or switching to the xrender backend (backend = "xrender").
• Compatibility Problems: Some desktop environments (like GNOME) may require additional configuration to work seamlessly with Compton. Check your desktop environment’s documentation for compatibility notes.
• Logs: If you encounter errors, view Compton’s logs for details:

  cat ~/.cache/compton.log
  

This helps diagnose issues like missing dependencies or incorrect config syntax.