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C++如何在Linux中实现序列化

小樊
50
2025-10-02 05:11:06
栏目: 编程语言

在Linux中,C++实现序列化有多种方法,以下是一些常用的库和方法:

1. 使用Boost.Serialization

Boost.Serialization是一个非常强大的库,支持多种数据类型的序列化和反序列化。

安装Boost库

首先,你需要安装Boost库。在大多数Linux发行版中,可以使用包管理器安装:

sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev

示例代码

#include <boost/archive/text_oarchive.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/text_iarchive.hpp>
#include <boost/serialization/vector.hpp>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

class Person {
public:
    std::string name;
    int age;

    template<class Archive>
    void serialize(Archive & ar, const unsigned int version) {
        ar & name;
        ar & age;
    }
};

int main() {
    std::vector<Person> people = {{"Alice", 30}, {"Bob", 25}};

    // 序列化到文件
    {
        std::ofstream ofs("people.txt");
        boost::archive::text_oarchive oa(ofs);
        oa << people;
    }

    // 从文件反序列化
    std::vector<Person> loaded_people;
    {
        std::ifstream ifs("people.txt");
        boost::archive::text_iarchive ia(ifs);
        ia >> loaded_people;
    }

    // 打印反序列化后的数据
    for (const auto& person : loaded_people) {
        std::cout << person.name << " " << person.age << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

2. 使用Cereal

Cereal是一个轻量级的C++序列化库,易于使用且性能良好。

安装Cereal库

你可以从GitHub上下载Cereal库并手动编译安装:

git clone https://github.com/USCiLab/cereal.git
cd cereal
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ..
make
sudo make install

示例代码

#include <cereal/archives/json.hpp>
#include <cereal/types/vector.hpp>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

class Person {
public:
    std::string name;
    int age;

    template<class Archive>
    void serialize(Archive & archive) {
        archive(name, age);
    }
};

int main() {
    std::vector<Person> people = {{"Alice", 30}, {"Bob", 25}};

    // 序列化到文件
    {
        std::ofstream ofs("people.json");
        cereal::JSONOutputArchive oarchive(ofs);
        oarchive(people);
    }

    // 从文件反序列化
    std::vector<Person> loaded_people;
    {
        std::ifstream ifs("people.json");
        cereal::JSONInputArchive iarchive(ifs);
        iarchive(loaded_people);
    }

    // 打印反序列化后的数据
    for (const auto& person : loaded_people) {
        std::cout << person.name << " " << person.age << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

3. 使用标准库(如std::ofstream和std::ifstream)

如果你只需要简单的文本或二进制序列化,可以使用标准库中的文件流。

示例代码(文本序列化)

#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

struct Person {
    std::string name;
    int age;
};

int main() {
    std::vector<Person> people = {{"Alice", 30}, {"Bob", 25}};

    // 序列化到文件
    {
        std::ofstream ofs("people.txt");
        for (const auto& person : people) {
            ofs << person.name << "," << person.age << std::endl;
        }
    }

    // 从文件反序列化
    std::vector<Person> loaded_people;
    {
        std::ifstream ifs("people.txt");
        std::string line;
        while (std::getline(ifs, line)) {
            size_t pos = line.find(',');
            Person person;
            person.name = line.substr(0, pos);
            person.age = std::stoi(line.substr(pos + 1));
            loaded_people.push_back(person);
        }
    }

    // 打印反序列化后的数据
    for (const auto& person : loaded_people) {
        std::cout << person.name << " " << person.age << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

示例代码(二进制序列化)

#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

struct Person {
    std::string name;
    int age;
};

int main() {
    std::vector<Person> people = {{"Alice", 30}, {"Bob", 25}};

    // 序列化到文件
    {
        std::ofstream ofs("people.bin", std::ios::binary);
        for (const auto& person : people) {
            size_t name_size = person.name.size();
            ofs.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&name_size), sizeof(name_size));
            ofs.write(person.name.c_str(), name_size);
            ofs.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&person.age), sizeof(person.age));
        }
    }

    // 从文件反序列化
    std::vector<Person> loaded_people;
    {
        std::ifstream ifs("people.bin", std::ios::binary);
        while (ifs.good()) {
            Person person;
            size_t name_size;
            ifs.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&name_size), sizeof(name_size));
            person.name.resize(name_size);
            ifs.read(&person.name[0], name_size);
            ifs.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&person.age), sizeof(person.age));
            loaded_people.push_back(person);
        }
    }

    // 打印反序列化后的数据
    for (const auto& person : loaded_people) {
        std::cout << person.name << " " << person.age << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

这些方法各有优缺点,选择哪种方法取决于你的具体需求,例如性能、易用性和兼容性。

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