在Linux中,C++实现序列化有多种方法,以下是一些常用的库和方法:
Boost.Serialization是一个非常强大的库,支持多种数据类型的序列化和反序列化。
首先,你需要安装Boost库。在大多数Linux发行版中,可以使用包管理器安装:
sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev
#include <boost/archive/text_oarchive.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/text_iarchive.hpp>
#include <boost/serialization/vector.hpp>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
class Person {
public:
std::string name;
int age;
template<class Archive>
void serialize(Archive & ar, const unsigned int version) {
ar & name;
ar & age;
}
};
int main() {
std::vector<Person> people = {{"Alice", 30}, {"Bob", 25}};
// 序列化到文件
{
std::ofstream ofs("people.txt");
boost::archive::text_oarchive oa(ofs);
oa << people;
}
// 从文件反序列化
std::vector<Person> loaded_people;
{
std::ifstream ifs("people.txt");
boost::archive::text_iarchive ia(ifs);
ia >> loaded_people;
}
// 打印反序列化后的数据
for (const auto& person : loaded_people) {
std::cout << person.name << " " << person.age << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
Cereal是一个轻量级的C++序列化库,易于使用且性能良好。
你可以从GitHub上下载Cereal库并手动编译安装:
git clone https://github.com/USCiLab/cereal.git
cd cereal
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ..
make
sudo make install
#include <cereal/archives/json.hpp>
#include <cereal/types/vector.hpp>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
class Person {
public:
std::string name;
int age;
template<class Archive>
void serialize(Archive & archive) {
archive(name, age);
}
};
int main() {
std::vector<Person> people = {{"Alice", 30}, {"Bob", 25}};
// 序列化到文件
{
std::ofstream ofs("people.json");
cereal::JSONOutputArchive oarchive(ofs);
oarchive(people);
}
// 从文件反序列化
std::vector<Person> loaded_people;
{
std::ifstream ifs("people.json");
cereal::JSONInputArchive iarchive(ifs);
iarchive(loaded_people);
}
// 打印反序列化后的数据
for (const auto& person : loaded_people) {
std::cout << person.name << " " << person.age << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
如果你只需要简单的文本或二进制序列化,可以使用标准库中的文件流。
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
struct Person {
std::string name;
int age;
};
int main() {
std::vector<Person> people = {{"Alice", 30}, {"Bob", 25}};
// 序列化到文件
{
std::ofstream ofs("people.txt");
for (const auto& person : people) {
ofs << person.name << "," << person.age << std::endl;
}
}
// 从文件反序列化
std::vector<Person> loaded_people;
{
std::ifstream ifs("people.txt");
std::string line;
while (std::getline(ifs, line)) {
size_t pos = line.find(',');
Person person;
person.name = line.substr(0, pos);
person.age = std::stoi(line.substr(pos + 1));
loaded_people.push_back(person);
}
}
// 打印反序列化后的数据
for (const auto& person : loaded_people) {
std::cout << person.name << " " << person.age << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
struct Person {
std::string name;
int age;
};
int main() {
std::vector<Person> people = {{"Alice", 30}, {"Bob", 25}};
// 序列化到文件
{
std::ofstream ofs("people.bin", std::ios::binary);
for (const auto& person : people) {
size_t name_size = person.name.size();
ofs.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&name_size), sizeof(name_size));
ofs.write(person.name.c_str(), name_size);
ofs.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&person.age), sizeof(person.age));
}
}
// 从文件反序列化
std::vector<Person> loaded_people;
{
std::ifstream ifs("people.bin", std::ios::binary);
while (ifs.good()) {
Person person;
size_t name_size;
ifs.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&name_size), sizeof(name_size));
person.name.resize(name_size);
ifs.read(&person.name[0], name_size);
ifs.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&person.age), sizeof(person.age));
loaded_people.push_back(person);
}
}
// 打印反序列化后的数据
for (const auto& person : loaded_people) {
std::cout << person.name << " " << person.age << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
这些方法各有优缺点,选择哪种方法取决于你的具体需求,例如性能、易用性和兼容性。