在Ubuntu系统中,inotify API用于监控文件系统事件,如文件的创建、删除、修改等。要正确调用inotify API,你需要遵循以下步骤:
包含必要的头文件:
#include <sys/inotify.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
初始化inotify实例:
使用inotify_init()函数来创建一个inotify实例。
int fd = inotify_init();
if (fd < 0) {
perror("inotify_init");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
添加监控:
使用inotify_add_watch()函数来添加对特定文件或目录的监控。
int wd = inotify_add_watch(fd, "/path/to/file_or_directory", IN_MODIFY | IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE);
if (wd < 0) {
perror("inotify_add_watch");
close(fd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
读取事件:
使用read()函数从inotify文件描述符中读取事件。
char buffer[4096];
ssize_t length = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
if (length < 0) {
perror("read");
close(fd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// 解析buffer中的事件
解析事件:
inotify事件存储在缓冲区中,需要解析这些事件以获取详细信息。
int i = 0;
while (i < length) {
struct inotify_event *event = (struct inotify_event *) &buffer[i];
if (event->len) {
if (event->mask & IN_CREATE) {
printf("File %s was created.\n", event->name);
}
if (event->mask & IN_DELETE) {
printf("File %s was deleted.\n", event->name);
}
if (event->mask & IN_MODIFY) {
printf("File %s was modified.\n", event->name);
}
}
i += sizeof(struct inotify_event) + event->len;
}
移除监控并关闭inotify实例:
当不再需要监控时,使用inotify_rm_watch()函数移除监控,并使用close()函数关闭inotify文件描述符。
inotify_rm_watch(fd, wd);
close(fd);
以下是一个完整的示例代码,展示了如何使用inotify API监控文件的变化:
#include <sys/inotify.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
int fd = inotify_init();
if (fd < 0) {
perror("inotify_init");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
int wd = inotify_add_watch(fd, "/path/to/file_or_directory", IN_MODIFY | IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE);
if (wd < 0) {
perror("inotify_add_watch");
close(fd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
char buffer[4096];
while (1) {
ssize_t length = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
if (length < 0) {
perror("read");
break;
}
int i = 0;
while (i < length) {
struct inotify_event *event = (struct inotify_event *) &buffer[i];
if (event->len) {
if (event->mask & IN_CREATE) {
printf("File %s was created.\n", event->name);
}
if (event->mask & IN_DELETE) {
printf("File %s was deleted.\n", event->name);
}
if (event->mask & IN_MODIFY) {
printf("File %s was modified.\n", event->name);
}
}
i += sizeof(struct inotify_event) + event->len;
}
}
inotify_rm_watch(fd, wd);
close(fd);
return 0;
}
请将/path/to/file_or_directory替换为你想要监控的实际文件或目录路径。这个示例程序会持续运行,直到你手动终止它。