在Linux环境下,C++可以通过多种方式实现多线程。以下是几种常见的方法:
POSIX Threads(通常称为pthreads)是Linux上实现多线程的标准库。
#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
void* thread_function(void* arg) {
int thread_id = *(static_cast<int*>(arg));
std::cout << "Thread " << thread_id << " is running." << std::endl;
return nullptr;
}
int main() {
pthread_t threads[5];
int thread_ids[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
if (pthread_create(&threads[i], nullptr, thread_function, &thread_ids[i]) != 0) {
std::cerr << "Failed to create thread "<< i << std::endl;
return 1;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
pthread_join(threads[i], nullptr);
}
return 0;
}
g++ -pthread -o multithread_example multithread_example.cpp
<thread>C++11引入了标准库中的线程支持,使用<thread>头文件。
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
void thread_function(int thread_id) {
std::cout << "Thread " << thread_id << " is running." << std::endl;
}
int main() {
std::vector<std::thread> threads;
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i) {
threads.emplace_back(thread_function, i);
}
for (auto& t : threads) {
t.join();
}
return 0;
}
g++ -std=c++11 -pthread -o multithread_example multithread_example.cpp
<jthread>C++17引入了<jthread>,它是<thread>的增强版,自动处理线程的join和detach。
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
void thread_function(int thread_id) {
std::cout << "Thread " << thread_id << " is running." << std::endl;
}
int main() {
std::vector<std::jthread> threads;
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i) {
threads.emplace_back(thread_function, i);
}
// No need to explicitly join threads, jthread handles it automatically
return 0;
}
g++ -std=c++17 -pthread -o multithread_example multithread_example.cpp
<thread>:标准库提供的线程支持,适用于现代C++项目。<jthread>:自动处理线程的join和detach,简化了线程管理。选择哪种方法取决于你的具体需求和项目环境。对于大多数现代C++项目,推荐使用C++11或C++17的线程支持。