Linux Compton与KDE Plasma的搭配

Installing Compton on Linux
Compton is a lightweight X11 window compositor that enhances desktop visuals with effects like transparency, shadows, and smooth animations. To install it on most Linux distributions (e.g., Debian, Ubuntu, Debian-based systems), use your package manager:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install compton

This command installs Compton and creates a default configuration file at ~/.config/compton.conf (if it doesn’t exist, you can manually create it).

Configuring Compton for Optimal Performance
Customizing Compton’s settings is key to balancing visual effects with system performance. The primary configuration file is ~/.config/compton.conf. Below are common adjustments:

• Backend Selection: Use OpenGL for better performance (recommended for most systems):

  backend = "glx";
  

• Shadows: Exclude resource-intensive windows (e.g., Firefox, GIMP) to prevent lag:

  shadow-exclude = ["class_g = \"Firefox\"", "class_g = \"GIMP\""];
  shadow-opacity = 0.5;  # Adjust opacity (0.0–1.0)
  shadow-radius = 4;     # Soften shadow edges
  

• Transparency: Enable fading for windows and disable redirection for translucent windows to improve responsiveness:

  fade = true;
  fade-delta = 30;       # Speed of fading (lower = faster)
  unredirect-translucent-windows = true;
  

• Frame Rate: Limit FPS to reduce CPU/GPU usage (e.g., 60 FPS):

  fps-limit = 60;
  

Save changes and test them by restarting Compton.

Integrating Compton with KDE Plasma
KDE Plasma uses KWin as its default window compositor, so you need to switch to Compton. Follow these steps:

1. Open System Settings: Launch “System Settings” from the application menu.
2. Navigate to Window Management: Go to Workspace > Window Management > Window Composition.
3. Select Compton: In the “Window Compositor” dropdown, choose “Compton” and click “Apply”.
4. Restart Plasma: Run plasmashell --replace in a terminal to apply changes (this restarts the Plasma shell without logging out).

Setting Up Compton to Start Automatically
To ensure Compton launches on login (so you don’t have to start it manually each time), add it to KDE Plasma’s startup applications:

1. Open Startup Settings: Go to System Settings > Startup and Shutdown > Auto Start.
2. Add Compton: Click “Add Program” (or “Add Script”), enter the name (e.g., “Compton”), and in the “Command” field, input:

   compton --config ~/.config/compton.conf
   

3. Save Changes: Click “OK” to save. Compton will now start automatically when you log in to KDE Plasma.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

• Compatibility with Wayland: If you’re using KDE Plasma on Wayland (the default display server in newer versions), Compton may not work properly. Switch to X11 during login (select “Plasma (X11)” from the gear icon) or use a Wayland-compatible compositor like Picom (a fork of Compton with Wayland support).
• Performance Problems: If your system feels sluggish, lower the frame rate (fps-limit) or simplify effects (e.g., disable shadows by setting no-shadows = true).
• Window Artifacts: Ensure your graphics drivers are up to date. For NVIDIA users, install proprietary drivers via your package manager (e.g., sudo apt install nvidia-driver-XXX).
• Compton Not Starting: Check the configuration file for syntax errors (e.g., missing semicolons, invalid values) and review logs with journalctl -u compton.service -f to identify issues.