在Debian系统上配置Apache Kafka，你需要编辑Kafka的配置文件。Kafka的主要配置文件有两个：server.properties 和 zookeeper.properties。以下是如何编写和修改这些文件的步骤：
首先，确保你已经在Debian系统上安装了Kafka。如果没有安装，可以参考Kafka官方文档进行安装。
ZooKeeper是Kafka的分布式协调服务。你需要先配置ZooKeeper。
zookeeper.properties找到Kafka安装目录下的 config/zookeeper.properties 文件，并进行如下配置：
# The directory where the snapshot and log data will be stored.
dataDir=/var/lib/zookeeper
# The port at which the clients will connect.
clientPort=2181
# The maximum number of client connections.
maxClientCnxns=0
# The tickTime is the length of a single tick, which is the basic time unit used in ZooKeeper.
tickTime=2000
# The initLimit is the amount of time to allow followers to sync with the leader.
initLimit=5
# The syncLimit is the amount of time to allow followers to sync with the leader after a leader election.
syncLimit=2
# The server.id uniquely identifies each server; it is read from a file system property.
# The recommended format is to use the hostname as the server.id.
server.id=1
# The path to the data directory.
dataLogDir=/var/log/zookeeper
# The maximum number of snapshots to retain in dataLogDir.
autopurge.snapRetainCount=3
# The maximum number of transaction logs to retain in dataLogDir.
autopurge.purgeInterval=1
接下来，配置Kafka Broker。
server.properties找到Kafka安装目录下的 config/server.properties 文件，并进行如下配置：
# The directory under which the log files will be stored.
log.dirs=/var/lib/kafka-logs
# The port at which the broker will listen for client connections.
listeners=PLAINTEXT://:9092
# The address the broker will bind to and advertise to producers and consumers.
advertised.listeners=PLAINTEXT://your_host_name:9092
# The maximum size of the producer request payload in bytes.
max.request.size=10485760
# The maximum number of partitions per topic.
default.replication.factor=3
# The minimum age of a log file to be eligible for deletion due to compaction.
log.retention.hours=168
# The retention period for logs in ms.
log.segment.bytes=1073741824
# The interval at which log segments are checked to see if they can be deleted due to compaction.
log.retention.check.interval.ms=300000
# The number of threads to use for processing log compactions.
num.partitions=1
# The number of threads to use for processing producer requests.
num.network.threads=3
# The number of threads to use for processing I/O operations.
num.io.threads=8
# The socket send buffer size in bytes.
socket.send.buffer.bytes=102400
# The socket receive buffer size in bytes.
socket.receive.buffer.bytes=102400
# The socket request max bytes.
socket.request.max.bytes=104857600
# The producer type to use.
producer.type=async
# The number of partitions to create when creating a new topic.
default.replication.factor=3
# The minimum number of brokers required to form a quorum.
min.insync.replicas=2
# The number of acknowledgments the producer requires the leader to receive before considering a request complete.
acks=all
# The compression type to use for all data generated by the producer.
compression.type=gzip
# The log cleanup policy to use.
log.cleanup.policy=delete
# The log cleanup interval in minutes.
log.cleanup.interval.ms=300000
配置完成后，启动ZooKeeper和Kafka Broker。
# 启动ZooKeeper
bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh config/zookeeper.properties &
# 启动Kafka Broker
bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties &
你可以使用以下命令创建一个新的Topic：
bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --topic your_topic_name --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --replication-factor 3 --partitions 1
你可以使用以下命令查看Kafka Broker的状态：
bin/kafka-topics.sh --describe --topic your_topic_name --bootstrap-server localhost:9092
通过以上步骤，你应该能够在Debian系统上成功配置和运行Kafka。
