Python爬虫的实现主要可以分为以下几个步骤:
pip install requests beautifulsoup4 lxml pandas selenium
使用requests库发送GET请求获取网页内容。
import requests
url = 'https://example.com'
response = requests.get(url)
html_content = response.text
使用BeautifulSoup或lxml解析HTML文档,提取所需数据。
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'html.parser')
data = soup.find_all('div', class_='target-class')
for item in data:
title = item.find('h2').text
link = item.find('a')['href']
print(f'Title: {title}, Link: {link}')
from lxml import html
tree = html.fromstring(html_content)
data = tree.xpath('//div[@class="target-class"]')
for item in data:
title = item.xpath('.//h2/text()')[0]
link = item.xpath('.//a/@href')[0]
print(f'Title: {title}, Link: {link}')
selenium模拟浏览器行为。from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(url)
html_content = driver.page_source
driver.quit()
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'html.parser')
data = soup.find_all('div', class_='target-class')
# 继续解析数据...
将提取的数据存储到文件(如CSV、JSON)或数据库中。
import csv
with open('data.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
writer.writerow(['Title', 'Link'])
for item in data:
title = item.find('h2').text
link = item.find('a')['href']
writer.writerow([title, link])
import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect('data.db')
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS data (title TEXT, link TEXT)''')
for item in data:
title = item.find('h2').text
link = item.find('a')['href']
cursor.execute('INSERT INTO data (title, link) VALUES (?, ?)', (title, link))
conn.commit()
conn.close()
添加异常处理机制,确保爬虫在遇到错误时能够正常运行,并记录日志以便调试。
import logging
logging.basicConfig(filename='spider.log', level=logging.ERROR)
try:
# 爬虫逻辑
pass
except Exception as e:
logging.error(f'Error occurred: {e}')
robots.txt文件,遵守其中的爬虫规则。通过以上步骤,你可以实现一个基本的Python爬虫。根据具体需求,你可能需要进一步优化和扩展功能。
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