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Oracle手工不完全恢复（一）：使用当前控制文件

发布时间：2020-08-07 09:27:07 来源：ITPUB博客 阅读：154 作者：迷倪小魏 栏目：关系型数据库

实验环境

操作系统：CentOS 7.1

数据库：Oracle 11.2.0.4


目录

示例一：基于SCN或时间点的恢复----恢复过去某个时间误删除的表

示例二：当前日志组损坏，造成数据库崩溃

示例三：归档日志丢失或损坏



示例一：基于SCN或时间点的恢复----恢复过去某个时间误删除的表


环境：

（1）提前对数据库做一次全库冷备份；

（2）在seiang用户下有一张test1表隶属于seiang表空间；


定位错误操作发生的时间或SCN：logminer

恢复原理： 

1.冷备份的数据文件*.dbf比现在要旧，那么数据文件的scn肯定就比现在的小；  

2.使用日志挖掘方法，在日志中找出删表时的scn或时间戳；  

3.在数据库shutdown的状态下，用冷备份的数据文件*.dbf，覆盖现在的*.dbf文件；保证数据文件完整性；

4.启动数据库到mount下,恢复到日志挖掘的SCN或时间点（利用日志对数据文件重做一次）  

5.以resetlogs方式打开数据库，以前的日志就被覆盖了；


示例二：当前日志组损坏，造成数据库崩溃


环境：

（1）提前对数据库做一次全库冷备份；

（2）在seiang用户下有一张test1表隶属于seiang表空间；


示例三：归档日志丢失或损坏


环境：

（1）提前有一套完成的数据文件的冷备份；

（2）在seiang用户下有一张test1表隶属于seiang表空间；

  1. SYS@seiang11g>select owner,table_name,tablespace_name from dba_tables where owner='SEIANG';

  3. OWNER TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
  4. ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
  5. SEIANG TEST1 SEIANG
  6. SEIANG TEST2 WJQ
  7. SEIANG TEST3 WJQBEST

  9. SYS@seiang11g>select * from seiang.test1;

  11.         ID NAME AGE
  12. ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
  13.          1 wjq 23
  14.          2 seiang 24
  15.          3 wjqdood 25
  16.          4 wjqbest 30

  18. --查看当前日志序号为2
  19. SYS@seiang11g>select group#,sequence#,status from v$log;

  21.     GROUP# SEQUENCE# STATUS
  22. ---------- ---------- ----------------
  23.          1 1 INACTIVE
  24.          2 2 CURRENT
  25.          3 0 UNUSED


  28. --修改数据并提交(sequence号2)
  29. SYS@seiang11g>update seiang.test1 set age=100 where id=1;
  30. 1 row updated.

  32. SYS@seiang11g>commit;
  33. Commit complete.

  35. SYS@seiang11g>alter system switch logfile;
  36. System altered.

  38. --修改数据并提交(sequence号3)
  39. SYS@seiang11g>update seiang.test1 set age=200 where id=1;
  40. 1 row updated.

  42. SYS@seiang11g>commit;
  43. Commit complete.

  45. SYS@seiang11g>alter system switch logfile;
  46. System altered.

  48. --修改数据并提交(sequence号4)
  49. SYS@seiang11g>update seiang.test1 set age=300 where id=1;
  50. 1 row updated.

  52. SYS@seiang11g>commit;
  53. Commit complete.

  55. SYS@seiang11g>alter system switch logfile;
  56. System altered.

  58. --修改数据并提交(sequence号5)
  59. SYS@seiang11g>update seiang.test1 set age=400 where id=1;
  60. 1 row updated.

  62. SYS@seiang11g>commit;
  63. Commit complete.

  65. SYS@seiang11g>alter system switch logfile;
  66. System altered.

  68. --修改数据并提交(sequence号6)
  69. SYS@seiang11g>update seiang.test1 set age=500 where id=1;
  70. 1 row updated.

  72. SYS@seiang11g>commit;
  73. Commit complete.

  75. SYS@seiang11g>alter system switch logfile;
  76. System altered.

  78. --修改数据并提交(sequence号7)
  79. SYS@seiang11g>update seiang.test1 set age=600 where id=1;
  80. 1 row updated.

  82. SYS@seiang11g>commit;
  83. Commit complete.

  85. SYS@seiang11g>alter system switch logfile;
  86. System altered.

  88. --当前联机日志序号为8
  89. SYS@seiang11g>select group#,sequence#,status from v$log;

  91.     GROUP# SEQUENCE# STATUS
  92. ---------- ---------- ----------------
  93.          1 7 ACTIVE
  94.          2 8 CURRENT
  95.          3 6 ACTIVE

  97. --查看相应的归档日志
  98. SYS@seiang11g>select name from v$archived_log;

  100. NAME
  101. ------------------------------------------------------
  102. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950962051_1.log
  103. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950962051_2.log
  104. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950971495_1.log
  105. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950971495_2.log
  106. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_1.log
  107. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_2.log
  108. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_3.log
  109. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_4.log
  110. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log
  111. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_6.log
  112. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_7.log

  114. --关闭数据库
  115. SYS@seiang11g >shutdown immediate
  116. Database closed.
  117. Database dismounted.
  118. ORACLE instance shut down.

  120. --模拟数据文件seiang损坏
  121. SYS@seiang11g>host rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/seiang01.dbf


  124. --重新打开数据库 ，由于数据文件的丢死，数据库无法open
  125. SYS@seiang11g>startup
  126. ORACLE instance started.

  128. Total System Global Area 1252663296 bytes
  129. Fixed Size 2252824 bytes
  130. Variable Size 788533224 bytes
  131. Database Buffers 452984832 bytes
  132. Redo Buffers 8892416 bytes
  133. Database mounted.
  134. ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 7 - see DBWR trace file
  135. ORA-01110: data file 7: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/seiang01.dbf'


  138. SYS@seiang11g>select * from v$recover_file;

  140.      FILE# ONLINE ONLINE_ ERROR CHANGE# TIME
  141. ---------- ------- ------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
  142.          7 ONLINE ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0

  144. --还原备份的数据文件
  145. SYS@seiang11g>host cp /u01/app/oracle/UMAN_Backup/seiang01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/
  146.     
  147. SYS@seiang11g>select * from v$recover_file;

  149.      FILE# ONLINE ONLINE_ ERROR CHANGE# TIME
  150. ---------- ------- ------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
  151.          7 ONLINE ONLINE UNKNOWN ERROR 1913765 02-AUG-17


  154. --查看一下归档日志的详细信息
  155. SYS@seiang11g>select sequence#, name, first_change#, next_change# from v$archived_log;

  157.  SEQUENCE# NAME FIRST_CHANGE# NEXT_CHANGE#
  158. ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------- ------------
  159.         1 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950962051_1.log 1914744 1921854
  160.          2 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950962051_2.log 1921854 1921883
  161.          1 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950971495_1.log 1913766 1914386
  162.          2 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950971495_2.log 1914386 1914401
  163.          1 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_1.log 1914402 1936446
  164.          2 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_2.log 1936446 1937042
  165.          3 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_3.log 1937042 1937100
  166.          4 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_4.log 1937100 1937110
  167.          5 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log 1937110 1937123
  168.          6 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_6.log 1937123 1937139
  169.          7 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_7.log 1937139 1937148


  172. --模拟归档日志5丢失或者损坏
  173. SYS@seiang11g>host rm /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log

  175. [oracle@seiang11g OraDB11g]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log
  176. ls: cannot access /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log: No such file or directory


  179. --执行恢复操作，当在需要归档日志5的时候出现错误
  180. SYS@seiang11g>recover datafile 7;
  181. ORA-00279: change 1913766 generated at 08/02/2017 11:12:22 needed for thread 1
  182. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950971495_1.log
  183. ORA-00280: change 1913766 for thread 1 is in sequence #1

  185. Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
  186. auto
  187. ORA-00279: change 1914386 generated at 08/02/2017 14:48:59 needed for thread 1
  188. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950971495_2.log
  189. ORA-00280: change 1914386 for thread 1 is in sequence #2

  191. ORA-00279: change 1914402 generated at 08/02/2017 14:59:56 needed for thread 1
  192. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_1.log
  193. ORA-00280: change 1914402 for thread 1 is in sequence #1

  195. ORA-00279: change 1936446 generated at 08/02/2017 15:39:52 needed for thread 1
  196. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_2.log
  197. ORA-00280: change 1936446 for thread 1 is in sequence #2

  199. ORA-00279: change 1937042 generated at 08/02/2017 15:49:42 needed for thread 1
  200. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_3.log
  201. ORA-00280: change 1937042 for thread 1 is in sequence #3

  203. ORA-00279: change 1937100 generated at 08/02/2017 15:51:34 needed for thread 1
  204. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_4.log
  205. ORA-00280: change 1937100 for thread 1 is in sequence #4

  207. ORA-00279: change 1937110 generated at 08/02/2017 15:51:54 needed for thread 1
  208. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log
  209. ORA-00280: change 1937110 for thread 1 is in sequence #5

  211. ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log'
  212. ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
  213. Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
  214. Additional information: 3
  215.     
  216. --查看数据文件头，发现检查点不一致
  217. SYS@seiang11g>select file#,name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;

  219.      FILE# NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
  220. ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------
  221.          1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/system01.dbf 1937617
  222.          2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/sysaux01.dbf 1937617
  223.          3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/undotbs01.dbf 1937617
  224.          4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/users01.dbf 1937617
  225.          5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/example01.dbf 1937617
  226.          6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/rman01.dbf 1937617
  227.          7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/seiang01.dbf 1937110
  228.          8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/wjq01.dbf 1937617
  229.          9 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/wjqbest01.dbf 1937617

  1. --关闭数据库 ，还原所有冷备份的数据文件

    SYS@seiang11g>shutdown abort

    ORACLE instance shut down.


    SYS@seiang11g>host cp /u01/app/oracle/UMAN_Backup/*.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/

  2. SYS@seiang11g>host ls -l /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/
  3. total 2279068
  4. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7680 Aug 2 16:08 arch_1_950972396_5.log
  5. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9781248 Aug 2 16:16 control01.ctl
  6. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 363077632 Aug 2 16:17 example01.dbf
  7. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Aug 2 15:52 redo01.log
  8. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Aug 2 15:58 redo02.log
  9. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Aug 2 15:52 redo03.log
  10. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 31465472 Aug 2 16:17 rman01.dbf
  11. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 73408512 Aug 2 16:17 seiang01.dbf
  12. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 734011392 Aug 2 16:18 sysaux01.dbf
  13. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 796925952 Aug 2 16:18 system01.dbf
  14. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 30416896 Aug 2 16:18 temp01.dbf
  15. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 110108672 Aug 2 16:18 undotbs01.dbf
  16. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Aug 2 16:18 users01.dbf
  17. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 20979712 Aug 2 16:18 wjq01.dbf
  18. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 20979712 Aug 2 16:18 wjqbest01.dbf

  20. --重新打开数据库
  21. SYS@seiang11g>startup
  22. ORACLE instance started.

  24. Total System Global Area 1252663296 bytes
  25. Fixed Size 2252824 bytes
  26. Variable Size 788533224 bytes
  27. Database Buffers 452984832 bytes
  28. Redo Buffers 8892416 bytes
  29. Database mounted.
  30. ORA-01190: control file or data file 1 is from before the last RESETLOGS
  31. ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/system01.dbf'


  34. SYS@seiang11g>select file#,name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;

  36.      FILE# NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
  37. ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------
  38.          1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/system01.dbf 1913765
  39.          2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/sysaux01.dbf 1913765
  40.          3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/undotbs01.dbf 1913765
  41.          4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/users01.dbf 1913765
  42.          5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/example01.dbf 1913765
  43.          6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/rman01.dbf 1913765
  44.          7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/seiang01.dbf 1913765
  45.          8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/wjq01.dbf 1913765
  46.          9 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/wjqbest01.dbf 1913765

  48. 9 rows selected.

  50. --恢复数据库 ，首先尝试完全恢复，同样在需要归档日志5的时候出现错误
  51. SYS@seiang11g>recover database;
  52. ORA-00279: change 1913766 generated at 08/02/2017 11:12:22 needed for thread 1
  53. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950971495_1.log
  54. ORA-00280: change 1913766 for thread 1 is in sequence #1

  56. Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
  57. auto
  58. ORA-00279: change 1914386 generated at 08/02/2017 14:48:59 needed for thread 1
  59. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950971495_2.log
  60. ORA-00280: change 1914386 for thread 1 is in sequence #2

  62. ORA-00279: change 1914402 generated at 08/02/2017 14:59:56 needed for thread 1
  63. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_1.log
  64. ORA-00280: change 1914402 for thread 1 is in sequence #1

  66. ORA-00279: change 1936446 generated at 08/02/2017 15:39:52 needed for thread 1
  67. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_2.log
  68. ORA-00280: change 1936446 for thread 1 is in sequence #2

  70. ORA-00279: change 1937042 generated at 08/02/2017 15:49:42 needed for thread 1
  71. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_3.log
  72. ORA-00280: change 1937042 for thread 1 is in sequence #3

  74. ORA-00279: change 1937100 generated at 08/02/2017 15:51:34 needed for thread 1
  75. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_4.log
  76. ORA-00280: change 1937100 for thread 1 is in sequence #4

  78. ORA-00279: change 1937110 generated at 08/02/2017 15:51:54 needed for thread 1
  79. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log
  80. ORA-00280: change 1937110 for thread 1 is in sequence #5

  82. ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log'
  83. ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
  84. Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
  85. Additional information: 3


  88. --执行不完全恢复 ，成功
  89. SYS@seiang11g>recover database until cancel;
  90. ORA-00279: change 1937110 generated at 08/02/2017 15:51:54 needed for thread 1
  91. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log
  92. ORA-00280: change 1937110 for thread 1 is in sequence #5


  95. Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
  96. cancel
  97. Media recovery cancelled.

  99. --再次查看数据文件头的相关信息
  100. SYS@seiang11g>select file#,name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;

  102.      FILE# NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
  103. ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------
  104.          1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/system01.dbf 1937110
  105.          2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/sysaux01.dbf 1937110
  106.          3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/undotbs01.dbf 1937110
  107.          4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/users01.dbf 1937110
  108.          5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/example01.dbf 1937110
  109.          6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/rman01.dbf 1937110
  110.          7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/seiang01.dbf 1937110
  111.          8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/wjq01.dbf 1937110
  112.          9 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/wjqbest01.dbf 1937110

  114. --查看日志组信息，发现与5号脱节
  115. SYS@seiang11g>select group#,sequence#,status from v$log;

  117.     GROUP# SEQUENCE# STATUS
  118. ---------- ---------- ----------------
  119.          1 7 INACTIVE
  120.          3 6 INACTIVE
  121.          2 8 CURRENT

  123. --使用resetlogs打开数据库
  124. SYS@seiang11g>alter database open resetlogs;
  125. Database altered.

  127. --日志序号从1开始记录
  128. SYS@seiang11g>select group#,sequence#,status from v$log;

  130.     GROUP# SEQUENCE# STATUS
  131. ---------- ---------- ----------------
  132.          1 1 CURRENT
  133.          2 0 UNUSED
  134.          3 0 UNUSED

  136. --确认表中的数据信息，发现在5号归档日志丢失后的修改都没有生效
  137. SYS@seiang11g>select * from seiang.test1;

  139.         ID NAME AGE
  140. ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ----------
  141.          1 wjq 300
  142.          2 seiang 24
  143.          3 wjqdood 25
  144.          4 wjqbest 30


相关连接：

 Oracle手工完全恢复案例：http://blog.itpub.net/31015730/viewspace-2142669/


作者：SEian.G（苦练七十二变，笑对八十一难）

ITPUB：http://blog.itpub.net/31015730/

51CTO：http://seiang.blog.51cto.com/



向AI问一下细节
推荐阅读：
  1. 在异机实现 Oracle 不完全恢复
  2. 手工安装ORACLE TEXT

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