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Redistribute

发布时间:2020-08-10 13:46:15 来源:网络 阅读:372 作者:wjx44916308 栏目:网络安全

Redistribute

 

Dynamips模拟器

  Cisco IOS Software, 3700 Software (C3745-ADVIPSERVICESK9-M), Version 12.4(4)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

  拓扑结构

  如下图所示,R1与R2之间使用静态路由(默认路由),R1与R3之间使用RIP,R1与R4之间使用EIGRP,R1与R5之间使用OSPF。

  Redistribute

  

  操作过程如下

  一、基本配置

  按网络拓扑图设置端口IP,确保相邻端口之间能够相互ping通。

  配置略。

  二、路由配置

  为方便测试,在配置动态路由时,使用no auto-summary命令关闭自动汇总(OSPF默认是不汇总的,也没有no auto-summary命令)。

  R1,各端口分别按要求配置不同的路由

  R1(config)#ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2

  R1(config)#router rip

  R1(config-router)#net 192.168.3.0

  R1(config-router)#version 2

  R1(config-router)#no auto-summary

  R1(config-router)#exit

  R1(config)#router eigrp 100

  R1(config-router)#net 192.168.4.0

  R1(config-router)#no auto-summary

  R1(config-router)#exit

  R1(config)#router ospf 1

  R1(config-router)#net 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

  R1(config-router)#exit

  ------------------------------------

  R2,配置默认路由

  R2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1

  ------------------------------------

  R3,配置RIP

  R3(config)#router rip

  R3(config-router)#net 192.168.3.0

  R3(config-router)#net 3.3.3.0

  R3(config-router)#version 2

  R3(config-router)#no auto-summary

  R3(config-router)#exit

  ------------------------------------

  R4,配置EIGRP

  R4(config)#router eigrp 100

  R4(config-router)#net 192.168.4.0

  *Mar  1 00:17:48.019: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.4.1 (FastEthernet1/4) is up: new adjacency

  R4(config-router)#net 4.4.4.0

  R4(config-router)#no auto-summary

  *Mar  1 01:08:34.239: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.4.1 (FastEthernet1/4) is resync: summary configured

  R4(config-router)#exit

  ------------------------------------

  R5,配置OSPF

  R5(config)#router ospf 1

  R5(config-router)#net 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

  *Mar  1 00:19:05.547: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.5.1 on FastEthernet1/5 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

  R5(config-router)#net 5.5.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

  R5(config-router)#exit

  ------------------------------------

  配置好路由后,因为R1处于网络边界,且同时运行了不同的路由协议,所在R1可以学习到整个网络的完整路由。show ip route命令查看R1路由,如下:

  R1#sh ip route

  Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

  D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

  N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

  E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

  i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

  ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

  o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

  Gateway of last resort is not set

  2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  S       2.2.2.0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2

  3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  R       3.3.3.0 [120/1] via 192.168.3.3, 00:00:28, FastEthernet1/3

  4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  D       4.4.4.0 [90/156160] via 192.168.4.4, 00:02:16, FastEthernet1/4

  5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O       5.5.5.5 [110/2] via 192.168.5.5, 01:09:20, FastEthernet1/5

  C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/4

  C    192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/5

  C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/2

  C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/3

  ------------------------------------

  R2、R3、R4、R5之间,由于路由协议的不相同,当前情况下是相互看不到的。需要在R1上进行重分发。

  三、配置重分发

  重分发的配置是在边界路由器,即R1上设置的。

  1、静态路由与RIP的重分发

  R1(config)#router rip

  R1(config-router)#redistribute connected  !把直连路由分布到路由协议中

  R1(config-router)#redistribute static  !将静态路由重分发到RIP中

  ------------------------------------

  配置结束后,在R2仍然只能看默认路由,但R3上已经可以看到到达R2的路由了,并且R2 ping 3.3.3.3,R3 ping 2.2.2.2都是通的。

  另外,配置结束后,在R3上也可以看到到达192.168.4.0、192.168.5.0网段的路由,但此时的R3并不能ping通R4、R5,是因为R1没有对ospf、eigrp进行重分发。

  查看此时R2和R3的路由表及ping测试:

  R2#sh ip route

  ……

  2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  C       2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

  C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/2

  S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1

  ------------------------------------

  R2#ping 3.3.3.3

  Type escape sequence to abort.

  Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

  !!!!!

  Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/34/64 ms

  ------------------------------------

  R3#sh ip route

  ……

  R    2.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

  3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

  R    192.168.4.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

  R    192.168.5.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

  R    192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

  C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/3

  ------------------------------------

  R3#ping 2.2.2.2

  Type escape sequence to abort.

  Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

  !!!!!

  Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/39/64 ms

  ------------------------------------

  2、静态路由与EIGRP的重分发

  R1(config)#router eigrp 100

  R1(config-router)#redistribute connected

  R1(config-router)#redistribute static !将静态路由重分发到eigrp中

  ------------------------------------

  配置结束后,在R2上仍然只能看默认路由,但R4上已经可以看见到达R2的路由了,并且R2 ping 4.4.4.4,R4 ping 2.2.2.2都是通的。

  查看此时R4的路由表:

  R4#sh ip route

  ……

  2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  D EX    2.2.2.0 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:14:10, FastEthernet1/4

  4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  C       4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

  C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/4

  D EX 192.168.5.0/24 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:14:10, FastEthernet1/4

  D EX 192.168.2.0/24 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:14:10, FastEthernet1/4

  D EX 192.168.3.0/24 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:14:10, FastEthernet1/4

  ------------------------------------

  3、静态路由与OSPF的重分发

  R1(config)#router ospf 1

  R1(config-router)#redistribute connected

  % Only classful networks will be redistributed

  R1(config-router)#redistribute static subnets  !将静态路由重分发到ospf中

  % Only classful networks will be redistributed

  ------------------------------------

  注意,把路由重分发到OSPF中,后面要写subnets选项,否则除主类以外的子网不能被重新分发进路由表。以上命令中,如果不加subnets字段,R2可ping 通5.5.5.5,但R5 ping 不通2.2.2.2(R5可以ping通R2)。

  配置结束后,在R2上仍然只能看静态路由(默认路由),但R5上已经可以看见到达R2的路由了,并且R2 ping 5.5.5.5,R5 ping 2.2.2.2都是通的。

  查看此时R5的路由表:

  R5#sh ip route

  ……

  5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  C       5.5.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

  O E2 192.168.4.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.5.1, 01:14:13, FastEthernet1/5

  C    192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/5

  O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.5.1, 01:14:13, FastEthernet1/5

  O E2 192.168.3.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.5.1, 01:14:13, FastEthernet1/5

  ------------------------------------

  4、RIP与EIGRP重分发

  R1(config)#router rip

  R1(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100 metric 10  !将eigrp重分发到rip

  R1(config-router)#exit

  R1(config)#router eigrp 100

  R1(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 10000 100 255 1 1500  !将rip重分发到eigrp

  ------------------------------------

  注意,将eigrp重分发到rip时,必须指明度量,即命令redistribute eigrp 100 metric 10,如果没有“metric 10”,则R3看不到R4的路由。

  重分发路由协议到eigrp时,也必须指度量,并且要指明带宽等,命令“metric 10000 100 255 1 1500”中的五个参数一定要正确,否则会报错“% Incomplete command”。这五个参数中,唯一可以修改的是带宽值,可根据实际情况设置,其他4个参数不能改。五个参数如下:

  Bandwidth in kilobytes=10000

  Delay in 10s of microseconds=100

  Reliability=255(maximum)

  Loading=1(minimum)

  Maximum Transmission Unit=1500

  配置完成后,在R3、R4上可以看到彼此之间的路由了。

  查看此时R3及R4的路由表:

  R3#sh ip route

  ……

  2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  R       2.2.2.0 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:23, FastEthernet1/3

  3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

  4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  R       4.4.4.0 [120/10] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:23, FastEthernet1/3

  R    192.168.4.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:23, FastEthernet1/3

  R    192.168.5.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:23, FastEthernet1/3

  R    192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:23, FastEthernet1/3

  C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/3

  ------------------------------------

  R4#sh ip route

  ……

  2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  D EX    2.2.2.0 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:32:39, FastEthernet1/4

  3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  D EX    3.3.3.0 [170/284160] via 192.168.4.1, 00:02:12, FastEthernet1/4

  4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  C       4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

  C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/4

  D EX 192.168.5.0/24 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:32:39, FastEthernet1/4

  D EX 192.168.2.0/24 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:32:39, FastEthernet1/4

  D EX 192.168.3.0/24 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:32:39, FastEthernet1/4

  ------------------------------------

  5、RIP与OSPF重分发

  R1(config)#router rip

  R1(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 10

  R1(config-router)#exit

  R1(config)#router ospf 1

  R1(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 200 subnets

  ------------------------------------

  注意,将ospf重分发到rip时,必须指明度量,即命令redistribute ospf 1 metric 10。

  将rip重分发到ospf时,也必须指度量,并且使用subnets选项,否则R5看不到R3的路由。subnets选项可以确保RIP网络中的无类子网路由能够正确的被发布。

  配置完成后,在R3、R5上可以看到彼此之间的路由了。

  R3#sh ip route

  ……

  2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  R       2.2.2.0 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

  3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

  4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  R       4.4.4.0 [120/10] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

  5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  R       5.5.5.5 [120/10] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

  R    192.168.4.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

  R    192.168.5.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

  R    192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

  C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/3

  ------------------------------------

  R5#sh ip route

  ……

  3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O E2    3.3.3.0 [110/200] via 192.168.5.1, 00:00:43, FastEthernet1/5

  5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  C       5.5.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

  O E2 192.168.4.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.5.1, 01:38:10, FastEthernet1/5

  C    192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/5

  O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.5.1, 01:38:10, FastEthernet1/5

  O E2 192.168.3.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.5.1, 01:38:10, FastEthernet1/5

  ------------------------------------

  6、EIGRP与OSPF重分发

  R1(config)#router eigrp 100

  R1(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 10000 100 255 1 1500

  R1(config-router)#exit

  R1(config)#router ospf 1

  R1(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100 metric 200 subnets

  ------------------------------------

  注意,如前面所说,将路由向eigrp重分发时,带宽、延迟等五个参数一定要正确。将路由向ospf重分发时,后面要写subnets选项。

  配置完成后,在R4、R5上可以看到彼此之间的路由了。

  R4#sh ip route

  ……

  2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  D EX    2.2.2.0 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:51:06, FastEthernet1/4

  3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  D EX    3.3.3.0 [170/284160] via 192.168.4.1, 00:20:39, FastEthernet1/4

  4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  C       4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

  5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  D EX    5.5.5.5 [170/284160] via 192.168.4.1, 00:03:03, FastEthernet1/4

  C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/4

  D EX 192.168.5.0/24 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:51:06, FastEthernet1/4

  D EX 192.168.2.0/24 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:51:06, FastEthernet1/4

  D EX 192.168.3.0/24 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:51:06, FastEthernet1/4

  ------------------------------------

  R5#sh ip route

  ……

  3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O E2    3.3.3.0 [110/200] via 192.168.5.1, 00:07:21, FastEthernet1/5

  4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O E2    4.4.4.0 [110/200] via 192.168.5.1, 00:02:27, FastEthernet1/5

  5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  C       5.5.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

  O E2 192.168.4.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.5.1, 01:50:19, FastEthernet1/5

  C    192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/5

  O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.5.1, 01:50:19, FastEthernet1/5

  O E2 192.168.3.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.5.1, 01:50:19, FastEthernet1/5

  ------------------------------------

  至此,整个网络实现互通。


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