我们来看下 监控软件 Nagios 和 cacti 结合

来看下 两者区别

Cacti：在监控方面绘图比较不错，在流量与图型展现比较存在优势 

Nagios：在故障分析比较不错，报警机制相对来说比较好，报警机制：邮箱、短信等，而且也比Cacti灵活；同时适用监控大量服务器以及服务器上面大批服务状态是否正常，重点不在图形化，而在状态故障的监控

1.安装相关的软件包

[root@Wangqi Desktop]# yum -y install httpd php gcc glibc glibc-common gd gd-devel libpng libjpeg zlib

2.创建相关的用户和组

[root@Wangqi LoadBalancer]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin nagios

[root@Wangqi LoadBalancer]# groupadd nagcmd

[root@Wangqi LoadBalancer]# usermod -G nagcmd nagios

[root@Wangqi LoadBalancer]# usermod -G nagcmd apache

3.安装、编译nagios

[root@Wangqi Desktop]# tar zxvf nagios-3.2.1.tar.gz -C /usr/src/

[root@Wangqi Desktop]# cd /usr/src/nagios-3.2.1/

[root@Wangqi nagios-3.2.1]# ./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd

[root@Wangqi nagios-3.2.1]# make all

[root@Wangqi nagios-3.2.1]# make install

[root@Wangqi nagios-3.2.1]# make install-init

[root@Wangqi nagios-3.2.1]# make install-config

[root@Wangqi nagios-3.2.1]# make install-commandmode

[root@Wangqi nagios-3.2.1]# make install-webconf

注释：

make install-init是向/etc/rc.d/init.d中安装启动脚本

make install-commandmode是将额外的命令文件修改好恰当的权限

make  install-config是向/usr/local/nagios/etc目录下写入示例配置文件

[root@Wangqi nagios-3.2.1]# cd /usr/local/nagios/

[root@Wangqi nagios]# ls

bin测试命令目录

etc 配置文件目录

libexec 插件目录 

sbin  cgj脚本目录

share  nagios网页文件目录

var nagios运行总会产生的数据

[root@Wangqi nagios]# ls etc/

cgi.cfg  cgi程序配置文件

nagios.cfg  nagios服务主配置文件

resource.cfg 定义nagios变量文件

[root@Wangqi nagios]# ls etc/objects/

commands.cfg  定义监控命令配置文件

localhost.cfg  定义监控本机对象配置文件

timeperiods.cfg 监控时间模板文件

contacts.cfg  指定报警邮件发送邮箱

templates.cfg  监控方式模板文件

4.安装插件

[root@Wangqi Desktop]# tar -zxvf nagios-plugins-1.4.14.tar.gz

[root@Wangqi Desktop]# cd nagios-plugins-1.4.14

[root@Wangqi nagios-plugins-1.4.14]# ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagcmd

[root@Wangqi nagios-plugins-1.4.14]# make && make install

插件使用：

[root@Wangqi libexec]# ./check_http --help

[root@Wangqi libexec]# ./check_http -H localhost -p 80

[root@Wangqi libexec]# ./check_ftp -H localhost -p 21

[root@Wangqi libexec]# ./check_ping -H 127.0.0.1 -w 5,10% -c 10,20% -p 10 -t 20

[root@Wangqi libexec]# htpasswd -cm /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin

5.通过Firefox访问nagios

[root@Wangqi libexec]# firefox &

http://192.168.2.3/nagios

user:nagiosadmin

password:123456

6.nagios监控本身

配置步骤

定义监控命令->commands.cfg

定义监控对象->localhost.cfg

加载监控对象配置文件->nagios.cfg

配置登陆页面认证用户->nagios.conf

启动nagios服务

启动HTTP服务

登陆监控页面

（1）定义监控命令

[root@Wangqi nagios]# vim etc/objects/commands.cfg

# 'check_nfs' command definition

define command{

        command_name    check_nfs

        command_line    $UWangqi$/check_tcp -H $HOSTADDRESS$ $ARG1$

        }

[root@Wangqi nagios]# vim etc/objects/localhost.cfg

define service{

        use                             local-service         ; Name of service template to use

        host_name                       localhost

        service_description             NFS

        check_command                   check_nfs!2049

        notifications_enabled           0

        }

[root@Wangqi nagios]# ./bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg   //检查文件

[root@Wangqi nagios]# service nagios restart

7.配置监控远程主机

被监控端（1）安装监控插件

[root@Wangqi Desktop]# useradd nagios

[root@Wangqi Desktop]# groupadd nagcmd

[root@Wangqi Desktop]# usermod -aG nagcmd nagios

安装插件

[root@Wangqi nagios-plugins-1.4.14]# tar zxvf nagios-plugins-1.4.14.tar.gz -C /usr/src/

[root@Wangqi nagios-plugins-1.4.14]# cd /usr/src/nagios-plugins-1.4.14/

[root@Wangqi nagios-plugins-1.4.14]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++

[root@Wangqi nagios-plugins-1.4.14]# ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagcmd

[root@Wangqi nagios-plugins-1.4.14]# make && make install

[root@Wangqi nagios-plugins-1.4.14]# cd /usr/local/nagios/

安装NRPE

[root@Wangqi Desktop]# tar zxvf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz

[root@Wangqi Desktop]# cd nrpe-2.12

[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# yum -y install openssl-devel

[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# ./configure &&  make && make install

[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# make install-plugin

[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# make install-daemon

[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# make install-daemon-config

[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# make install-xinetd

[root@Wangqi etc]# vim nrpe.cfg

command[check_root]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /root

command[check_boot]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /boot

[root@Wangqi etc]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/nrpe

only_from       = 127.0.0.1 192.168.2.3

[root@Wangqi etc]# vim /etc/services

nrpe            5666/tcp                #nrpe

[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# yum -y install xinetd   //6.5需要安装

[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# netstat -anptul | grep :5666

tcp        0      0 :::5666                     :::*                        LISTEN      51819/xinetd        

[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# cd /usr/local/nagios/

[root@Wangqi libexec]# ./check_nrpe -H localhost

NRPE v2.12

监控端（1）

安装nrpe

[root@Wangqi Desktop]# tar zxvf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz

[root@Wangqi Desktop]# cd nrpe-2.12

[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# yum -y install openssl-devel

[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# ./configure && make && make install

[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# make install-plugin

[root@Wangqi libexec]# ./check_nrpe -H 192.168.2.4

NRPE v2.12

（2）定义命令

[root@Wangqi nagios]# vim etc/objects/commands.cfg

# 'check_nrpe' command definition

define command{

        command_name    check_nrpe

        command_line    $UWangqi$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$ 

        }

[root@Wangqi etc]# vim objects/ser2.cfg 

define service{

        use                             local-service         ; Name of service template to use

        host_name                       Wangqi.tarena.com

        service_description             Boot Partition

        check_command                   check_nrpe!check_boot

        }

define service{

        use                             local-service         ; Name of service template to use

        host_name                       Wangqi.tarena.com

        service_description             Root Partition

        check_command                   check_nrpe!check_root

        }

[root@Wangqi etc]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v nagios.cfg

[root@Wangqi etc]# service nagios restart

[root@Wangqi libexec]# firefox &

http://192.168.2.3/nagios

六、安装cacti

1.安装相关软件包

[root@Wangqi etc]# yum -y install php-mysql php-ldap php-xml net-snmp-utils mysql mysql-server net-snmp crond rrdtool lm_sensors

rrdtool在RHEL5的光盘中不提供，需要用源码包

yum install -y gcc gcc-c++  libart_lgpl-devel  zlib-devel  libpng-devel  freetype-devel

[root@Wangqi etc]# service httpd start

[root@Wangqi etc]# service mysqld start

2.安装cacti

[root@Wangqi Desktop]# tar zxvf cacti-0.8.7g.tar.gz

[root@Wangqi Desktop]# cp -rp cacti-0.8.7g /var/www/html/cacti

[root@Wangqi html]# useradd cactiuser

[root@Wangqi html]# chown -R cactiuser.cactiuser ./cacti/rra

[root@Wangqi html]# chown -R cactiuser.cactiuser ./cacti/rra/ cacti/log/

[root@Wangqi html]# mysql -uroot -p

mysql> create database cactidb default character set utf8;

mysql> show databases;

mysql> grant all on cactidb.* to 'cactiuser'@'localhost' identified by 'cacti';

[root@Wangqi cacti]# mysql -ucactiuser -pcacti cactidb < cacti.sql

[root@Wangqi cacti]# vim include/config.php

3.登陆web界面

HTTP：//192.168.2.3/cacti

4.被监控端

[root@Wangqi etc]# vim /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf 

com2sec notConfigUser 192.168.20.1 public

access那一行的systemview改成all

view all included .1取消注释

[root@Wangqi etc]# service snmpd restart

5.监控端

在web页上点击devices，删除原有的localhost，点击右侧的add

添加新的主机。HOST template用ucd/net snmp host

Associated Data Queries添加以下的数据

SNMP - Get Mounted Partitions 

SNMP - Get Processor Information 

SNMP - Interface Statistics 

保存save后，找到页面最上面的Create Graphs for this Host

把主机加入到图形树中

点击左侧的graph tree->default tree->点击右侧的add

tree item type选择host，然后点击create

产生数据

[root@localhost ~]# su - cactiuser

[runct@localhost ~]$ php /var/www/html/cacti/poller.php

[runct@localhost ~]$ crontab -e

*/1 * * * * /usr/bin/php /var/www/html/cacti/poller.php &> /dev/null

[runct@localhost ~]$ exit

[root@localhost ~]# service crond start

隔几分钟后，再点击web页的graph按钮就可以看到图形了

[root@Wangqi cacti]# service snmpd start

6.安装插件框架

[root@Wangqi cacti]# tar zxvf cacti-plugin-0.8.7g-PA-v2.9.tar.gz

[root@Wangqi cacti]# mv cacti-plugin-arch /var/www/html/cacti/

[root@Wangqi cacti]# cd /var/www/html/cacti/

[root@Wangqi cacti]# patch -p1 -N < cacti-plugin-arch/cacti-plugin-0.8.7g-PA-v2.9.diff

[root@Wangqi cacti]# mysql -ucactiuser -pcacti cactidb < cacti-plugin-arch/pa.sql

[root@Wangqi cacti]# vim include/global.php

$database_type = "mysql";

$database_default = "cactidb";

$database_hostname = "localhost";

$database_username = "cactiuser";

$database_password = "cacti";

$database_port = "3306";

[root@Wangqi cacti]# vim include/config.php

$url_path = "/cacti/";

WEB页面中左侧的用户管理(user management)->admin用户的权限(下面的Plugin Management)加入PA

7.插件安装

[root@Wangqi Desktop]# tar zxvf settings-v0.71-1.tgz

[root@Wangqi Desktop]# tar zxvf monitor-v1.3-1.tgz

[root@Wangqi Desktop]# tar zxvf thold-v0.4.9-3.tgz

[root@Wangqi Desktop]# mv settings monitor thold /var/www/html/cacti/plugins

七、整合cacti+nagios

1、cacti在监控服务器资源、绘图方面比nagios有优势，但是nagios在监控服务、报警方面是cacti无法替代的。无法仅使用其中一款软件达到所有的要求。cacti可以安装多款插件，其中Nagios Plugin for Cacti（NPC）可以将nagios的功能以插件的方式在cacti中显示出来。

2、nagios本身的插件是二进制可执行文件，运维工程师不具备高级程序语言的编程能力，因此插件改用SHELL脚本实现。

整合cacti和nagios是利用了cacti的一个插件nagios for cacti，它的原理是将nagios的数据通过ndo2db导入到mysql数据库（cacti的库中），然后cacti读取数据库信息将nagios的结果展示出来。

1.安装ndoutils

首先需要安装ndoutils以将nagios的数据能导入到mysql数据库中

[root@localhost cacti]# yum -y install mysql-devel

[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# tar zxvf ndoutils-1.4b9.tar.gz -C /usr/src/

[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# cd /usr/src/ndoutils-1.4b9/

[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios  LDFLAGS=-L/usr/lib --with-mysql-inc=/usr/include/mysql --with-mysql-lib=/usr/lib/mysql --enable-mysql --disable-pgsql  --with-ndo2db-user=nagios --with-ndo2db-group=nagios

[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# make && make install

2.导入数据库

[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# cd db/

[root@Wangqi db]# ./installdb -u cactiuser -p cacti -h localhost -d cactidb

3.配置文件

[root@Wangqi db]# cd ..

[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# cp config/ndomod.cfg-sample /usr/local/nagios/etc/ndomod.cfg

[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

broker_module=/usr/local/nagios/bin/ndomod.o config_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/ndomod.cfg

process_performance_data=1

[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# cp config/ndo2db.cfg-sample /usr/local/nagios/etc/ndo2db.cfg

[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# grep -v -E '(^$| *#)' /usr/local/nagios/etc/ndomod.cfg

instance_name=default

output_type=tcpsocket

output=127.0.0.1

tcp_port=5668

use_ssl=0

output_buffer_items=5000

buffer_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/ndomod.tmp

file_rotation_interval=14400

file_rotation_timeout=60

reconnect_interval=15

reconnect_warning_interval=15

data_processing_options=-1

config_output_options=2

[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# vim  /usr/local/nagios/etc/ndomod.cfg

[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# grep -v -E '(^$| *#)' /usr/local/nagios/etc/ndo2db.cfg

lock_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/ndo2db.lock

ndo2db_user=nagios

ndo2db_group=nagios

socket_type=tcp

socket_name=/usr/local/nagios/var/ndo.sock

tcp_port=5668

use_ssl=0

db_servertype=mysql

db_host=localhost

db_port=3306

db_name=cactidb

db_prefix=npc_

db_user=cactiuser

db_pass=cacti

max_timedevents_age=1440

max_systemcommands_age=10080

max_servicechecks_age=10080

max_hostchecks_age=10080

max_eventhandlers_age=44640

max_externalcommands_age=44640

debug_level=1

debug_verbosity=1

debug_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/ndo2db.debug

max_debug_file_size=1000000

[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# vim  /usr/local/nagios/etc/ndo2db.cfg

二、安装json

npc展示部分用到json，需要在php中安装php-json的支持

1、安装php的准备环境

[root@localhostnpc]# yum install -y php-devel

2、安装json

[root@localhostnpc]# tarxvjf php-json-ext-1.2.1.tar.bz2 -C /usr/src/

[root@localhost php-json-ext-1.2.1]# phpize

[root@localhost php-json-ext-1.2.1]# ./configure && make && make install 

3、启用json扩展

[root@localhost php-json-ext-1.2.1]# vim /etc/php.d/json.ini

extension=php_json.so

[root@localhost php-json-ext-1.2.1]# ln -s /usr/lib64/php/modules/json.so /usr/lib64/php/modules/php_json.so

三、安装npc插件

1、安装

[root@localhostnpc]# tar xvzf npc-2.0.4.tar.gz

[root@localhostnpc]# mvnpc /var/www/html/cacti/plugins

2、在WEB页中启用插件

3、配置插件

4、注意修改权限

[root@localhostnpc]# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc

[root@localhostetc]# chmod 644 ndo2db.cfg 

[root@localhostetc]# chmod 644 ndomod.cfg

[root@localhostetc]# chownnagios.nagiosndomod.cfg ndo2db.cfg

5、启动服务

[root@localhostnpc]# servicemysqld restart

[root@localhostnpc]# servicehttpd restart

[root@localhostnpc]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/ndo2db -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/ndo2db.cfg

[root@localhostnpc]# netstat -tlnp | grep :5668

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5668                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      19273/ndo2db

[root@localhostnpc]# servicenagios restart

6、结果如下

7.我们来 排错

Nagios中没有数据，查看/var/log/messages的报错信息，发现是mysql的问题：

Aug 14 16:01:18 localhost ndo2db: mysql_error: 'Unknown column 'long_output' in 'field list''

所以执行以下操作：

mysql -uroot -p

mysql> use cactidb;

mysql>ALTER TABLEnpc_eventhandlersADDlong_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;

mysql> ALTER TABLE npc_hostchecks ADD loing_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;

mysql> ALTER TABLE npc_hoststatus ADD long_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;

mysql> ALTER TABLE npc_notifications ADD long_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;

mysql> ALTER TABLE npc_servicechecks ADD long_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;

mysql> ALTER TABLE npc_servicestatus ADD long_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;

mysql> ALTER TABLE npc_statehistory ADD long_out TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;

mysql> ALTER TABLE npc_systemcommands ADD long_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;

修复后的截图如下：