/etc和/var目录，排除特殊目录（如/dev、/proc等），支持增量备份。sudo rsync -avz --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*"} /etc/ /backups/centos_stream/
sudo rsync -avz --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*"} /var/ /backups/centos_stream/
/etc和/var目录打包为归档文件，适合全量备份。sudo tar -czvf /backups/centos_stream/backup.tar.gz /etc/ /var/
mysqldump备份数据库，支持结构与数据备份。mysqldump -u username -p database_name > database_name.sql
/proc、/sys）。sudo tar xvpfz /backups/centos_stream/backup.tar.gz -C /
sudo mkdir /proc /sys /dev
sudo restorecon -Rv /
sudo reboot
sudo rsync -avz /backups/centos_stream/ /path/to/restore/
