在CentOS上配置LAMP(Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP)环境时,使用缓存可以显著提高网站性能。以下是一些常见的缓存方法:
Apache提供了多种缓存模块,如mod_cache和mod_expires。
sudo yum install mod_cache mod_cache_disk mod_expires
sudo systemctl restart httpd
编辑Apache配置文件(通常是/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf或/etc/httpd/conf.d/目录下的文件),添加以下内容:
<IfModule mod_cache.c>
<IfModule mod_cache_disk.c>
CacheRoot "/var/cache/apache2/mod_cache_disk"
CacheEnable disk /
CacheDirLevels 2
CacheDirLength 1
</IfModule>
</IfModule>
<IfModule mod_expires.c>
ExpiresActive On
ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 1 hour"
ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 week"
ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 week"
</IfModule>
PHP有多种缓存扩展,如opcache、apcu和memcached。
sudo yum install php-opcache
编辑PHP配置文件(通常是/etc/php.ini),添加或修改以下内容:
[opcache]
zend_extension=opcache.so
opcache.enable=1
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=4000
opcache.revalidate_freq=60
sudo yum install php-pecl-apcu
编辑PHP配置文件(通常是/etc/php.ini),添加或修改以下内容:
[apcu]
extension=apcu.so
apcu.enable_cli=1
apcu.shm_size=32M
apcu.ttl=7200
apcu.user_ttl=7200
apcu.gc_ttl=3600
sudo yum install memcached php-pecl-memcached
编辑PHP配置文件(通常是/etc/php.ini),添加或修改以下内容:
[memcached]
extension=memcached.so
memcached.sess_consistency=0
memcached.sess_lock_wait=1000
memcached.sess_lock_peers=1
memcached.sess_lock_peers_timeout=5000
memcached.sess_prefix=phpsess_
MySQL提供了查询缓存和InnoDB缓冲池等缓存机制。
编辑MySQL配置文件(通常是/etc/my.cnf或/etc/mysql/my.cnf),添加或修改以下内容:
[mysqld]
query_cache_type=1
query_cache_size=64M
编辑MySQL配置文件(通常是/etc/my.cnf或/etc/mysql/my.cnf),添加或修改以下内容:
[mysqld]
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8
innodb_log_file_size=256M
innodb_log_buffer_size=16M
Varnish是一个高性能的HTTP加速器,可以作为Apache或Nginx的反向代理。
sudo yum install varnish
编辑Varnish配置文件(通常是/etc/varnish/default.vcl),添加以下内容:
backend default {
.host = "127.0.0.1";
.port = "80";
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.http.Cookie) {
set req.http.Cookie = ";" + req.http.Cookie;
set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "; +", ";");
set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, ";([^ ]+)=([^;]+)", "\1=\2");
set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "^[; ]+|[; ]+$", "");
if (req.http.Cookie == "") {
unset req.http.Cookie;
}
}
}
sub vcl_backend_response {
if (beresp.http.Set-Cookie) {
set beresp.http.Set-Cookie = ";" + beresp.http.Set-Cookie;
set beresp.http.Set-Cookie = regsuball(beresp.http.Set-Cookie, "; +", ";");
set beresp.http.Set-Cookie = regsuball(beresp.http.Set-Cookie, ";([^ ]+)=([^;]+)", "\1=\2");
set beresp.http.Set-Cookie = regsuball(beresp.http.Set-Cookie, "^[; ]+|[; ]+$", "");
if (beresp.http.Set-Cookie == "") {
unset beresp.http.Set-Cookie;
}
}
}
sub vcl_deliver {
if (obj.hits > 0) {
set resp.http.X-Cache = "HIT";
} else {
set resp.http.X-Cache = "MISS";
}
}
sudo systemctl start varnish
sudo systemctl enable varnish
通过以上步骤,你可以在CentOS上配置LAMP环境并使用缓存来提高网站性能。根据具体需求选择合适的缓存方案,并进行相应的配置和优化。