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Compton on CentOS: Configuration and Resource Optimization Guide

Compton is a lightweight window compositor for X11 that enhances desktop visuals with effects like shadows, transparency, and blur. On CentOS, optimizing its configuration is key to balancing visual appeal with system performance—especially on low-resource systems. Below are actionable recommendations for configuring Compton’s resources effectively.

1. Installation on CentOS

Before configuring, ensure Compton is installed. For CentOS 7 and earlier, use:

sudo yum install compton

For CentOS 8 and later (using DNF):

sudo dnf install compton

Optional: Install compton-conf for a graphical configuration tool (CentOS 7+):

sudo yum install compton-conf

2. Locate and Edit the Configuration File

The default configuration file is located at ~/.config/compton.conf. If it doesn’t exist, create it:

mkdir -p ~/.config
touch ~/.config/compton.conf

Edit the file using a text editor (e.g., nano):

nano ~/.config/compton.conf

3. Core Configuration Options for Performance

Adjust these key options to reduce resource usage:

• Backend: Use glx (OpenGL) instead of xrender for better performance. Add to the config:

  backend = "glx";
  

• Shadows: Disable shadows (shadow = false) to eliminate the CPU/GPU load of rendering window edges.
• Transparency: Turn off window transparency (opacity = false) to avoid compositing overhead.
• V-Sync: Enable vertical sync (vsync = true) to prevent screen tearing and reduce GPU strain.
• Ignore GLX Glitz: Work around OpenGL compatibility issues with ignore_glx_glitz = true.
• Cache Size: Increase the cache to reduce disk I/O (e.g., cache-size = 4096).
• Update Interval: Lower the refresh rate to 0.1 seconds (update-interval = 0.1) to minimize CPU usage.

Example optimized config:

backend = "glx";
vsync = true;
shadow = false;
opacity = false;
ignore_glx_glitz = true;
cache-size = 4096;
update-interval = 0.1;

4. Disable Unnecessary Effects

Many effects increase resource consumption. Disable these in the config:

• Background Blur: Set bg_blur = false (if enabled).
• Screen Edge Blur: Disable screen_edge_blur = false.
• Drop Shadows: Already covered under “Shadows” above.

5. Enable GPU Acceleration

GPU acceleration offloads compositing tasks from the CPU to the GPU, improving performance. Ensure your GPU drivers (NVIDIA/AMD/Intel) are up to date. For NVIDIA, install proprietary drivers via:

sudo yum install akmod-nvidia

Then, confirm OpenGL support in Compton with glxinfo | grep "OpenGL renderer" (should show your GPU model).

6. Limit Compton’s Resource Usage

Use tools to cap CPU/memory usage and prevent system lag:

• CPU Limit: Restrict Compton to 50% CPU usage with cpulimit:

  cpulimit -l 50 -p $(pgrep compton)
  

• Systemd Service: If running Compton as a service, use systemctl to manage limits (edit /etc/systemd/system/compton.service to add CPUQuota=50%).

7. Monitor Performance

Track Compton’s resource usage to identify bottlenecks:

• Top/HTop: Run top or htop to view CPU/memory usage by the compton process.
• Systemd Status: Check service stats with systemctl status compton.
• Glances: Install glances for detailed system monitoring:

  sudo yum install glances
  glances
  

8. Additional Tips

• Restart Compton: Apply changes by restarting Compton:

  killall compton && compton &
  

• Autostart: Enable Compton to launch at boot:

  sudo systemctl enable compton
  sudo systemctl start compton
  

• Test Configs: Try community-provided configs (e.g., from GitHub) tailored to your hardware/desktop environment.

By following these steps, you can configure Compton to deliver a visually appealing desktop experience while minimizing its impact on CentOS system resources. Adjust settings based on your hardware (e.g., integrated vs. dedicated GPU) and performance needs.