# SpringCloud中怎么使用Eureka实现注册中心
## 一、Eureka基础概念
### 1.1 什么是服务注册中心
服务注册中心是微服务架构的核心组件之一,主要承担以下职责:
- **服务注册**:微服务启动时向注册中心注册自身信息
- **服务发现**:消费者从注册中心获取服务提供者信息
- **健康监测**:定期检查注册服务的健康状态
- **负载均衡**:配合客户端实现服务调用的负载均衡
### 1.2 Eureka的架构组成
Eureka采用CS架构设计,包含两大核心组件:
| 组件 | 说明 |
|---------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Eureka Server | 注册中心服务端,提供服务注册与发现功能 |
| Eureka Client | 集成在服务中的客户端,负责注册服务、获取注册表并维持心跳连接 |
### 1.3 Eureka的自我保护机制
当出现网络分区故障时,Eureka会进入自我保护模式:
- 85%以上服务丢失时触发
- 不会注销任何服务实例
- 客户端缓存中保存所有实例信息
- 网络恢复后自动退出该模式
## 二、环境准备与搭建
### 2.1 开发环境要求
- JDK 1.8+
- Spring Boot 2.3.x+
- Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR12
- Maven 3.6+
### 2.2 创建父工程
```xml
<!-- pom.xml -->
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.12.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR12</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
// EurekaServerApplication.java
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
}
}
# application.yml
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
client:
register-with-eureka: false # 不向自己注册
fetch-registry: false # 不获取注册信息
service-url:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
# 节点1配置
spring:
profiles: peer1
eureka:
instance:
hostname: peer1
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://peer2:8762/eureka/
# 节点2配置
spring:
profiles: peer2
eureka:
instance:
hostname: peer2
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://peer1:8761/eureka/
// ProviderApplication.java
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ProviderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);
}
}
# provider-service.yml
spring:
application:
name: service-provider
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
instance:
instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${server.port}
prefer-ip-address: true
// ConsumerApplication.java
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ConsumerApplication {
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
@RestController
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("/create")
public String createOrder() {
// 通过服务名调用
String url = "http://service-provider/api/create";
return restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
}
}
eureka:
instance:
metadata-map:
zone: zone1
version: 1.0
environment: test
<!-- 添加健康检查依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
eureka:
client:
healthcheck:
enabled: true
eureka:
instance:
lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 30 # 心跳间隔
lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 90 # 失效时间
server:
enable-self-preservation: true # 是否开启自我保护
eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 60000 # 清理间隔
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
spring:
security:
user:
name: admin
password: 123456
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: "*"
endpoint:
health:
show-details: always
/actuator/health:服务健康状态/actuator/info:服务基本信息/actuator/metrics:性能指标/actuator/env:环境变量eureka:
client:
registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 5 # 获取注册表间隔
eureka:
client:
region: us-east-1
availability-zones:
us-east-1: zone1,zone2
service-url:
zone1: http://peer1:8761/eureka/
zone2: http://peer2:8762/eureka/
| 特性 | Eureka | Consul | Nacos |
|---|---|---|---|
| 一致性协议 | AP | CP/AP | CP+AP |
| 健康检查 | 客户端心跳 | 多种方式 | 多种方式 |
| 配置中心 | 不支持 | 支持 | 支持 |
| 管理界面 | 简单 | 功能完善 | 功能完善 |
| 雪崩保护 | 有 | 无 | 有 |
生产环境建议:
性能调优:
eureka:
server:
response-cache-update-interval-ms: 30000 # 缓存更新间隔
版本选择建议:
spring:
application:
name: eureka-server
security:
user:
name: admin
password: 123456
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
client:
register-with-eureka: false
fetch-registry: false
service-url:
defaultZone: http://${spring.security.user.name}:${spring.security.user.password}@${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
server:
enable-self-preservation: true
eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 60000
spring:
application:
name: order-service
server:
port: 8081
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://admin:123456@localhost:8761/eureka/
healthcheck:
enabled: true
instance:
instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${server.port}
prefer-ip-address: true
lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 30
lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 90
注意:本文基于Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR12版本编写,不同版本配置可能存在差异。生产环境部署前请务必进行充分测试。 “`
这篇文章包含了Eureka注册中心的完整实现指南,从基础概念到高级配置共约3600字,采用Markdown格式编写,包含代码示例、配置片段和表格对比等内容。可根据实际需要进行调整和补充。
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